<p>The presence of chirality, a fundamental attribute found in nature, is of great significance in the field of pharmaceutical science. Chiral drugs are unique in that their molecular structure is non-superimposable on its mirror image. This stereoisomerism significantly impacts the functionality, metabolic pathway, effectiveness, and safety of chiral medications. The enantiomers of chiral drugs can exhibit diverse pharmacological effects in the human body. As a result, it is essential to separate and purify chiral drugs effectively. Despite the abundance of reports on chiral drug separation membranes, there is a dearth of comprehensive reviews. This paper aims to fill this gap by providing a thorough review from a materials perspective, with a focus on the design and construction of chiral drug separation membranes. Furthermore, it systematically analyzes the separation mechanisms employed by these membranes. The paper also delves into the challenges and prospects related to chiral drug separation membranes, with the intention of imparting valuable insights for further research and development in this field.</p>