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<p>Craniofacial muscles are essential components of the skeletal muscular system that contribute to important physiological processes. Severe trauma can induce craniofacial volumetric muscle loss (VML), which impairs muscle regeneration, causes facial muscular deformities and functional disability, and leads to psychosocial consequences such as isolation and depression. Conventional therapies involving muscle flap transposition or autologous tissue grafting achieve morphological repair but are ineffective in restoring muscle function, resulting in donor site injury and sensory deficit. In this study, we successfully constructed a biomimetically engineered muscle tissue that integrates myofiber alignment, effective innervation, and blood perfusion to promote multi-tissue regeneration in the masseter area in vivo, enabling functional regeneration. Using light-controlled micropatterning technology, we constructed mature muscle fibers with oriented alignment and established a neuromuscular co-culture system for in vitro neuromuscular junction reconstruction. Furthermore, we designed and fabricated a vascular network structure to promote tissue vascularization using hydrogel as the vehicle for assembling the composite engineered tissue. Using this technology, the shape and dimension of the constructed entity can be customized to address various muscle defects, enabling individualized repair. This study offers a promising novel strategy for tissue regeneration that breaks through the current challenges in the treatment of craniofacial VML.</p>

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Biomimetically neurovascularized engineered muscle tissue for craniofacial volumetric muscle loss

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年5月20日

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  • Sijia Ding,
  • Shengjie Li,
  • Zhuojie Shen,
  • Yuhua Chen,
  • Xia Wang,
  • Jianxiang He,
  • Huiming Wang,
  • Mengfei Yu

摘要

Craniofacial muscles are essential components of the skeletal muscular system that contribute to important physiological processes. Severe trauma can induce craniofacial volumetric muscle loss (VML), which impairs muscle regeneration, causes facial muscular deformities and functional disability, and leads to psychosocial consequences such as isolation and depression. Conventional therapies involving muscle flap transposition or autologous tissue grafting achieve morphological repair but are ineffective in restoring muscle function, resulting in donor site injury and sensory deficit. In this study, we successfully constructed a biomimetically engineered muscle tissue that integrates myofiber alignment, effective innervation, and blood perfusion to promote multi-tissue regeneration in the masseter area in vivo, enabling functional regeneration. Using light-controlled micropatterning technology, we constructed mature muscle fibers with oriented alignment and established a neuromuscular co-culture system for in vitro neuromuscular junction reconstruction. Furthermore, we designed and fabricated a vascular network structure to promote tissue vascularization using hydrogel as the vehicle for assembling the composite engineered tissue. Using this technology, the shape and dimension of the constructed entity can be customized to address various muscle defects, enabling individualized repair. This study offers a promising novel strategy for tissue regeneration that breaks through the current challenges in the treatment of craniofacial VML.