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<p>Asphalt emulsions are widely used in cold mix applications, where the mix performance primarily depends on breaking and curing of the emulsion upon contact with the aggregate surface. Asphalt emulsions are broadly classified as rapid-, medium-, slow- or quick-setting based on the rate at which they interact with the aggregates. However, existing specifications rely largely on emulsion-only tests and the values prescribed are often found to be overlapping, incomplete or subjective, leading to ambiguity in classification. The present study explores three alternative test approaches: (i) monitoring the change in contact angle of emulsion drop on aggregate surface, (ii) quantifying asphalt coating on aggregate blocks at short and extended interaction periods using image analysis, and (iii) measuring fine-aggregate-induced breaking time microscopically. These tests reduce subjectivity in assessment, can be applied to all emulsion grades and take aggregate-emulsion interaction into consideration. Mean values obtained from four&#xa0;replicate tests are grouped using a <i>k</i>-means clustering approach to identify behavioral differences between every aggregate-emulsion pair. The classification outcomes are found to be sensitive (as expected) to the type of aggregate used and the interaction timescale. This study identifies the limitations of the current emulsion-centric classification methods and highlights the need for an aggregate-inclusive evaluation approach.</p>

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Revisiting asphalt emulsion classification: the role of aggregate-emulsion interactions

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月16日

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  • Sneha Mandal,
  • Animesh Das

摘要

Asphalt emulsions are widely used in cold mix applications, where the mix performance primarily depends on breaking and curing of the emulsion upon contact with the aggregate surface. Asphalt emulsions are broadly classified as rapid-, medium-, slow- or quick-setting based on the rate at which they interact with the aggregates. However, existing specifications rely largely on emulsion-only tests and the values prescribed are often found to be overlapping, incomplete or subjective, leading to ambiguity in classification. The present study explores three alternative test approaches: (i) monitoring the change in contact angle of emulsion drop on aggregate surface, (ii) quantifying asphalt coating on aggregate blocks at short and extended interaction periods using image analysis, and (iii) measuring fine-aggregate-induced breaking time microscopically. These tests reduce subjectivity in assessment, can be applied to all emulsion grades and take aggregate-emulsion interaction into consideration. Mean values obtained from four replicate tests are grouped using a k-means clustering approach to identify behavioral differences between every aggregate-emulsion pair. The classification outcomes are found to be sensitive (as expected) to the type of aggregate used and the interaction timescale. This study identifies the limitations of the current emulsion-centric classification methods and highlights the need for an aggregate-inclusive evaluation approach.