Mechanical behavior and unified shear model for the interface between 3D printed permanent formwork and cast concrete
摘要
The integration of 3D printed concrete (3DPC) as permanent formwork represents a promising hybrid construction strategy; however, the structural integrity of such composite systems is frequently compromised by weak interfacial bonding and material anisotropy. This study presents a systematic investigation into the interfacial mechanical behavior between 3D printed formwork and cast-in-place concrete, specifically elucidating the coupled effects of formwork strength (modulated by the fiber content) and cast concrete heterogeneity (modulated by the aggregate content). Comprehensive splitting tensile and shear tests reveal distinct failure mechanisms: whereas the interfacial splitting tensile strength is predominantly governed by the mechanical properties of the formwork and deteriorates with increasing aggregate content due to interfacial void formation, the shear capacity exhibits a more complex, nonlinear response driven by aggregate interlocking and matrix cohesive strength. Notably, experimental observations reveal that failure is not confined to the nominal interface but propagates into the adjacent matrix, significantly altering the stress transfer paths. To quantify this phenomenon, a unified shear plastic failure model is developed on the basis of plasticity theory. By explicitly accounting for energy dissipation arising from both continuum plastic deformation and velocity discontinuities across the fracture plane, the proposed model successfully captures the dual contributions of matrix damage and interfacial slip. Validation against experimental data demonstrated the model’s robustness in predicting shear strength across varying material mix proportions, offering a rigorous theoretical framework for the design of 3DPC-cast composite structures.