<p>To investigate the fatigue design method for timber-concrete composite (TCC) structures and explore the mechanical behavior and damage mechanisms of bolt connectors under cyclic loading, five groups of push-out specimens (15 specimens in total) were designed with the number of loading cycles as the key variable. The fatigue failure modes and mechanisms were analyzed to systematically study the fatigue life and cumulative damage evolution of bolt connectors. Based on experimental results, an S–N curve describing the relationship between stress amplitude and fatigue life was established, and a fatigue damage model was developed. Finite element software was employed to simulate the fatigue life and damage progression of the specimens. The calculated and experimental results showed close agreement, validating the accuracy of the conclusions. Finally, a fatigue design method for TCC structures was proposed based on the mechanical principles of push-out specimens, providing a reference for practical fatigue design.</p>