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<p>With the increasing depletion of natural sand resources, manufactured sand (MS) has become the primary substitute for fine aggregate in concrete. However, the complexity of its particle morphology, size distribution and stone powder content significantly affect concrete performance. Based on the Ping-Luo-Zhou High-Speed Railway project, this study systematically analyzed the geometrical characteristics of 11 types of MS collected along the railway. An image-based particle size and morphology analyzer was employed to obtain full-scale morphological parameters, including sphericity, elongation, roundness, angularity, and coarseness. The results show substantial variations in morphology indicators among the different MS types: sphericity ranged from 0.6134 to 0.6558, elongation from 0.688 to 0.753, roundness ranged from 1.3739 to 1.7226, angularity from 1.0076 to 1.0955, and coarseness from 1.0519 to 1.1067. A TOPSIS comprehensive evaluation model was introduced, combined with four weight determination methods—the entropy weight method, the CRITIC method, the coefficient of variation method, and principal component analysis—to assess the comprehensive geometric characterization of sand. Quantitative evaluation revealed that two limestone-based MSs (Rank 1,2&amp;3) outperformed river sand (Rank 3&amp;4), while two gneiss-based MSs (Rank 11,12&amp;13) and one granite-based MS (Rank 12&amp;13) exhibited poorer overall comprehensive geometric characterization. Correlation analysis with both the loose void content and dense void content of the sand confirmed that the comprehensive geometric characterization indexes derived from the TOPSIS evaluation, when integrated with the entropy weight method and coefficient of variation method, are suitable for evaluating the geometric characteristics of sands. The findings can provide theoretical guidance for the quality control of MS, facilitating its promotion and application in railway engineering.</p>

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Development of a comprehensive geometric index for characterizing manufactured sand in concrete

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月4日

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  • Hongshan Chen,
  • Zhengyang Cai,
  • Xinxin Ding,
  • Wentao Zhu,
  • Shuxian Lu,
  • Shunbo Zhao

摘要

With the increasing depletion of natural sand resources, manufactured sand (MS) has become the primary substitute for fine aggregate in concrete. However, the complexity of its particle morphology, size distribution and stone powder content significantly affect concrete performance. Based on the Ping-Luo-Zhou High-Speed Railway project, this study systematically analyzed the geometrical characteristics of 11 types of MS collected along the railway. An image-based particle size and morphology analyzer was employed to obtain full-scale morphological parameters, including sphericity, elongation, roundness, angularity, and coarseness. The results show substantial variations in morphology indicators among the different MS types: sphericity ranged from 0.6134 to 0.6558, elongation from 0.688 to 0.753, roundness ranged from 1.3739 to 1.7226, angularity from 1.0076 to 1.0955, and coarseness from 1.0519 to 1.1067. A TOPSIS comprehensive evaluation model was introduced, combined with four weight determination methods—the entropy weight method, the CRITIC method, the coefficient of variation method, and principal component analysis—to assess the comprehensive geometric characterization of sand. Quantitative evaluation revealed that two limestone-based MSs (Rank 1,2&3) outperformed river sand (Rank 3&4), while two gneiss-based MSs (Rank 11,12&13) and one granite-based MS (Rank 12&13) exhibited poorer overall comprehensive geometric characterization. Correlation analysis with both the loose void content and dense void content of the sand confirmed that the comprehensive geometric characterization indexes derived from the TOPSIS evaluation, when integrated with the entropy weight method and coefficient of variation method, are suitable for evaluating the geometric characteristics of sands. The findings can provide theoretical guidance for the quality control of MS, facilitating its promotion and application in railway engineering.