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<p>This study investigates the self-healing mechanism and crack-mitigation behavior of multifunctional bacteria-laden fibers (bioFibers) embedded in a cementitious matrix. Each bioFiber comprises a polymeric core, an endospore-laden alginate hydrogel sheath, and an outer protective shell, enabling localized microbial-induced calcium carbonate precipitation (MICCP) under wet/dry cycles. Quantitative and microstructural analyses (optical imaging, TGA, SEM, XRD) demonstrate that bioFibers achieve up to 99 ± 4% crack filling for 120–150 μm cracks and sustain measurable healing of 31 ± 7% even beyond 300 μm. Crystal phase evolution indicates a transformation from vaterite to calcite between 7 and 21 days, while TGA confirms progressive calcium carbonate formation from 15 ± 1% to 55 ± 3% over 28 days. These findings highlight bioFiber’s effective crack-filling capability, healing potential, and adequate fiber–matrix bridging effect, demonstrating its promise for robust self-healing cementitious composites.</p>

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Self-healing mechanism and crack-filling performance of multifunctional bacteria-laden fiber (bioFiber) in cementitious matrix

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月30日

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  • Mohammad Houshmand,
  • Ali Rahmaninezhad,
  • Christopher M. Sales,
  • Caroline L. Schauer,
  • Ahmad Najafi,
  • Yaghoob Amir Farnam

摘要

This study investigates the self-healing mechanism and crack-mitigation behavior of multifunctional bacteria-laden fibers (bioFibers) embedded in a cementitious matrix. Each bioFiber comprises a polymeric core, an endospore-laden alginate hydrogel sheath, and an outer protective shell, enabling localized microbial-induced calcium carbonate precipitation (MICCP) under wet/dry cycles. Quantitative and microstructural analyses (optical imaging, TGA, SEM, XRD) demonstrate that bioFibers achieve up to 99 ± 4% crack filling for 120–150 μm cracks and sustain measurable healing of 31 ± 7% even beyond 300 μm. Crystal phase evolution indicates a transformation from vaterite to calcite between 7 and 21 days, while TGA confirms progressive calcium carbonate formation from 15 ± 1% to 55 ± 3% over 28 days. These findings highlight bioFiber’s effective crack-filling capability, healing potential, and adequate fiber–matrix bridging effect, demonstrating its promise for robust self-healing cementitious composites.