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<p>The fatigue performance of mixtures containing reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) is difficult to quantify due to uncertainty in RAP binder activation and the resulting mismatch between designed and actual mixture behavior. This study presents a systematic approach to optimize binder selection in hot recycled asphalt mixtures using a Design of Experiments framework. Based on the selected binder formulations, bituminous mixtures with varying RAP contents are fabricated. Four-point beam bending tests are performed at 10 Hz and 20 °C under strain-controlled conditions (400 and 600 <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\mu \epsilon \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>μ</mi> <mi>ϵ</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>) to evaluate fatigue life. The fatigue response is assessed using both empirical and energy dissipation-based methods. In addition, binders recovered from the tested mixtures are characterized using Large Amplitude Oscillatory Shear testing to examine phase angle evolution and harmonic distortion. The results show that fatigue life decreases significantly when the RAP content exceeds 25%, highlighting the influence of binder activation. The recovered binder data reveal non-linear rheological parameters that correspond to the observed fatigue variability. These findings underscore the importance of integrating the design at the binder level with the evaluation of the performance at the mixture level to improve the reliability of high-RAP bituminous mixtures.</p>

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Fatigue characterization of hot recycled bituminous mixtures with binder selection guided by design of experiments

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月27日

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  • Thirumalavenkatesh Medam,
  • J. Murali Krishnan

摘要

The fatigue performance of mixtures containing reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) is difficult to quantify due to uncertainty in RAP binder activation and the resulting mismatch between designed and actual mixture behavior. This study presents a systematic approach to optimize binder selection in hot recycled asphalt mixtures using a Design of Experiments framework. Based on the selected binder formulations, bituminous mixtures with varying RAP contents are fabricated. Four-point beam bending tests are performed at 10 Hz and 20 °C under strain-controlled conditions (400 and 600 \(\mu \epsilon \) μ ϵ ) to evaluate fatigue life. The fatigue response is assessed using both empirical and energy dissipation-based methods. In addition, binders recovered from the tested mixtures are characterized using Large Amplitude Oscillatory Shear testing to examine phase angle evolution and harmonic distortion. The results show that fatigue life decreases significantly when the RAP content exceeds 25%, highlighting the influence of binder activation. The recovered binder data reveal non-linear rheological parameters that correspond to the observed fatigue variability. These findings underscore the importance of integrating the design at the binder level with the evaluation of the performance at the mixture level to improve the reliability of high-RAP bituminous mixtures.