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<p>Growing concerns about the environmental impact of modern construction materials, particularly concrete, have renewed interest in earth-based construction. While chemical binders like cement and lime are commonly used to improve strength and durability, they increase embodied energy and limit recyclability. As a promising sustainable alternative, Enzyme-Induced Calcite Precipitation (EICP) enhances mechanical performance through calcium carbonate precipitation. However, its application to fine-grained soils remains limited, particularly regarding the influence of curing conditions and environmental factors on performance. This study explores EICP stabilization of compacted raw earth using soybean-derived urease in juice (SJ) and fine powder (SP) form, focusing on the effects of curing temperature (25&#xa0;°C, 40&#xa0;°C and 60&#xa0;°C) and relative humidity RH (30%, 50% and 90%) on the mechanical performance and durability against water erosion. Results show that highest strength is reached at 25&#xa0;°C and at 60&#xa0;°C for SP and SJ stabilized samples, respectively. SP-stabilized samples showed no erosion in drip tests under all conditions except at RH = 90%, where erosion depth reached 2.88&#xa0;mm. SJ samples instead were less erosive when cured at 60&#xa0;°C, with an erosion depth of 3.35&#xa0;mm. Results finally showed that drier samples (equalized at RH = 30%) are stronger and stiffer for both SJ and SP stabilizations. These findings underscore the critical role of curing conditions—specifically temperature and relative humidity—in the efficiency of EICP stabilization. They also demonstrate that the suction concept, widely accepted for unsaturated soils, remains applicable to EICP-stabilized soils, which are engineered materials incorporating calcium carbonate crystals and soybean-derived organic matter.</p>

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Effect of relative humidity and temperature on the enzymatic induced calcite precipitation for the stabilization of compressed earthen materials

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月14日

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  • E. Lefèvre,
  • A. Cuccurullo

摘要

Growing concerns about the environmental impact of modern construction materials, particularly concrete, have renewed interest in earth-based construction. While chemical binders like cement and lime are commonly used to improve strength and durability, they increase embodied energy and limit recyclability. As a promising sustainable alternative, Enzyme-Induced Calcite Precipitation (EICP) enhances mechanical performance through calcium carbonate precipitation. However, its application to fine-grained soils remains limited, particularly regarding the influence of curing conditions and environmental factors on performance. This study explores EICP stabilization of compacted raw earth using soybean-derived urease in juice (SJ) and fine powder (SP) form, focusing on the effects of curing temperature (25 °C, 40 °C and 60 °C) and relative humidity RH (30%, 50% and 90%) on the mechanical performance and durability against water erosion. Results show that highest strength is reached at 25 °C and at 60 °C for SP and SJ stabilized samples, respectively. SP-stabilized samples showed no erosion in drip tests under all conditions except at RH = 90%, where erosion depth reached 2.88 mm. SJ samples instead were less erosive when cured at 60 °C, with an erosion depth of 3.35 mm. Results finally showed that drier samples (equalized at RH = 30%) are stronger and stiffer for both SJ and SP stabilizations. These findings underscore the critical role of curing conditions—specifically temperature and relative humidity—in the efficiency of EICP stabilization. They also demonstrate that the suction concept, widely accepted for unsaturated soils, remains applicable to EICP-stabilized soils, which are engineered materials incorporating calcium carbonate crystals and soybean-derived organic matter.