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<p>In this work, layered perovskite-type bismuth titanate (Bi<sub>4</sub>Ti<sub>3</sub>O<sub>12</sub>, BTO), belonging to the Aurivillius phase, was synthesized via a co-precipitation method. Structural analysis confirmed the formation of an orthorhombic crystal structure, while morphological studies revealed agglomerated particles with irregular shapes. Elemental and vibrational analyses verified the presence of Bi, Ti, and O and further confirmed the formation of the perovskite structure. Electrochemical evaluation demonstrated that the BTO electrode delivers a high specific capacitance of 595&#xa0;F&#xa0;g<sup>−1</sup> at a current density of 1&#xa0;A&#xa0;g<sup>−1</sup> and exhibits good cyclic stability, retaining 56.5% of its initial capacitance after 1000 charge–discharge cycles, indicating its potential for supercapacitor applications.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Synthesis and characterization of Bi4Ti3O12 based supercapacitor for energy storage applications

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月28日

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  • S. Sneka,
  • V. Ananthi,
  • G. Sivakumar

摘要

In this work, layered perovskite-type bismuth titanate (Bi4Ti3O12, BTO), belonging to the Aurivillius phase, was synthesized via a co-precipitation method. Structural analysis confirmed the formation of an orthorhombic crystal structure, while morphological studies revealed agglomerated particles with irregular shapes. Elemental and vibrational analyses verified the presence of Bi, Ti, and O and further confirmed the formation of the perovskite structure. Electrochemical evaluation demonstrated that the BTO electrode delivers a high specific capacitance of 595 F g−1 at a current density of 1 A g−1 and exhibits good cyclic stability, retaining 56.5% of its initial capacitance after 1000 charge–discharge cycles, indicating its potential for supercapacitor applications.

Graphical abstract