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<p>Growing demand for flexible and sustainable conductive fabrics for wearables and smart fabrics has accelerated the research and development of conductive fabrics. In the&#xa0;previous studies, coatings were based on methods like&#xa0;dip-coating, spin-coating, and layer-by-layer assembling. Such methods pose&#xa0;problems like&#xa0;poor thickness control, particle&#xa0;agglomeration, and&#xa0;lack of&#xa0;optimum viscosity required to make stable coatings. Hence these methods are limited to&#xa0;use of&#xa0;less viscous liquid, which ultimately face layer cracking and poor stability issues. This work aims to fabricate conductive cotton fabrics through the doctor blade coating of acid-functionalized CNT/CMC composites with different Carbon nanotubes (CNT) loading and binder volume ratios and assess the effect of CNT loading and binder volume on the electrical and structural characteristics&#xa0;of the compsite structure. A&#xa0;nitric acid-functionalized Multiwalled Carbon nanotube (MWCNT) was used in a carboxy methyl cellulose (CMC) matrix. In particular, the&#xa0;acid functionalization&#xa0;enhances the&#xa0;dispersion of MWCNT and the interfacial interactions between MWCNTs and CMC polymer matrix. After coating, functional MWCNTs were analyzed by FTIR. In FTIR, the functional MWCNTs showed peaks for –OH and C–O–C functional groups. The&#xa0;XRD patterns show that the graphitic diffraction peak were&#xa0;shifted from 22.4° to 26.6°, which confirms the&#xa0;peak shifting and phase change to slightly amorphous. EDS analysis confirms that C, O, and Na elements&#xa0;were present in functional MWCNTs confirms the&#xa0;successful deposition of acid functionalized MWCNT&#xa0;composite material on the&#xa0;fabric. The prepared&#xa0;coated fabrics were evaluated by a four-point probe and an optimal electrical conductivity of 484.5 S/cm was attained&#xa0;at 0.8&#xa0;g MWCNT and 12&#xa0;mL CMC. Scanning electron microscope (SEM analysis demonstrated uniform CNT networks on cotton fibers, while Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) confirmed hydrogen bonding among CNTs, CMC, and cellulose&#xa0;structure of cotton fibers in the fabric. These results demonstrate that doctor blade coating using eco-friendly CMC binders is a scalable and sustainable strategy for producing high-performance conductive cotton textiles for smart textile applications.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Fabrication of conductive cotton fabrics via doctor blade coating of functionalized MWCNT/CMC composites

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月27日

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  • Ali Bux Dahri,
  • Adan Shahid,
  • Muhammad Ahmed,
  • Wajiha Saba,
  • Aqsa Memon,
  • Anam Ali Memon,
  • Iftikhar Ali Sahito

摘要

Growing demand for flexible and sustainable conductive fabrics for wearables and smart fabrics has accelerated the research and development of conductive fabrics. In the previous studies, coatings were based on methods like dip-coating, spin-coating, and layer-by-layer assembling. Such methods pose problems like poor thickness control, particle agglomeration, and lack of optimum viscosity required to make stable coatings. Hence these methods are limited to use of less viscous liquid, which ultimately face layer cracking and poor stability issues. This work aims to fabricate conductive cotton fabrics through the doctor blade coating of acid-functionalized CNT/CMC composites with different Carbon nanotubes (CNT) loading and binder volume ratios and assess the effect of CNT loading and binder volume on the electrical and structural characteristics of the compsite structure. A nitric acid-functionalized Multiwalled Carbon nanotube (MWCNT) was used in a carboxy methyl cellulose (CMC) matrix. In particular, the acid functionalization enhances the dispersion of MWCNT and the interfacial interactions between MWCNTs and CMC polymer matrix. After coating, functional MWCNTs were analyzed by FTIR. In FTIR, the functional MWCNTs showed peaks for –OH and C–O–C functional groups. The XRD patterns show that the graphitic diffraction peak were shifted from 22.4° to 26.6°, which confirms the peak shifting and phase change to slightly amorphous. EDS analysis confirms that C, O, and Na elements were present in functional MWCNTs confirms the successful deposition of acid functionalized MWCNT composite material on the fabric. The prepared coated fabrics were evaluated by a four-point probe and an optimal electrical conductivity of 484.5 S/cm was attained at 0.8 g MWCNT and 12 mL CMC. Scanning electron microscope (SEM analysis demonstrated uniform CNT networks on cotton fibers, while Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) confirmed hydrogen bonding among CNTs, CMC, and cellulose structure of cotton fibers in the fabric. These results demonstrate that doctor blade coating using eco-friendly CMC binders is a scalable and sustainable strategy for producing high-performance conductive cotton textiles for smart textile applications.

Graphical abstract