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<p>The wings of the Morpho butterfly were imaged with optical microscopy to identify nano‑ and microstructures in the corresponding scales. It is found that there are stripe patterns in the scales with an average width of <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(0.9 \mu m\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mn>0.9</mn> <mi>μ</mi> <mi>m</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. Additionally, there is a diffraction grating responsible for the butterfly’s color. The orientation and position of the diffraction grating have been determined through the observation of the scale images at different illumination angles and intensities. Due to limitations of the optical microscopy, a direct observation of the diffraction grating has not been possible. Nevertheless, the observations and measurements that allowed us to determine the existence of the grating along with the estimations can be used as a relevant antecedent for future experiments with a higher resolution such as SEM (scanning electron microscopy) and TEM (transmission electron microscopy). The scopes and limitations of optical microscopy were determined.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Analysis of the micro- and nanostructures in the butterfly wings for qualification of the scope and limitations of optical microscopy

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月6日

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  • Ysmael P. Miranda,
  • Berenice A. Castañeda,
  • Hector A. Calderon

摘要

The wings of the Morpho butterfly were imaged with optical microscopy to identify nano‑ and microstructures in the corresponding scales. It is found that there are stripe patterns in the scales with an average width of \(0.9 \mu m\) 0.9 μ m . Additionally, there is a diffraction grating responsible for the butterfly’s color. The orientation and position of the diffraction grating have been determined through the observation of the scale images at different illumination angles and intensities. Due to limitations of the optical microscopy, a direct observation of the diffraction grating has not been possible. Nevertheless, the observations and measurements that allowed us to determine the existence of the grating along with the estimations can be used as a relevant antecedent for future experiments with a higher resolution such as SEM (scanning electron microscopy) and TEM (transmission electron microscopy). The scopes and limitations of optical microscopy were determined.

Graphical abstract