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Abstract <p>Raindrop-driven piezoelectric energy harvesting presents a fundamentally different operating condition from conventional vibration-based systems due to its stochastic and impulsive excitation. While power management circuits are typically optimized for steady or harmonic vibration, their performance under impact-dominated excitation remains poorly understood. This study experimentally investigates the power management behavior of a hinged plate rain energy harvester, focusing on NMOS threshold gating and boost-converter stability. Measurements reveal two distinct electrical regimes: high-amplitude impact-induced voltage spikes (~ 1.5&#xa0;V) and lower-amplitude residual vibration outputs (~ 0.5&#xa0;V). NMOS gating provides threshold-selective conduction under vibration-dominated conditions but provides limited benefit when impulsive impacts dominate. In addition, boost-converter regulation becomes unstable due to the mismatch between transient voltage spikes and vibration-oriented design assumptions. These results indicate that steady vibration power management strategies are not universally applicable to rain-driven energy harvesting systems and highlight the need for impact-aware regulation, improved piezoelectric materials, and robust device architectures.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Power management behavior in raindrop-driven impulsive piezoelectric energy harvesting on hinged plates

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月18日

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  • Yi-Ren Wang,
  • Wei Ting Lin

摘要

Abstract

Raindrop-driven piezoelectric energy harvesting presents a fundamentally different operating condition from conventional vibration-based systems due to its stochastic and impulsive excitation. While power management circuits are typically optimized for steady or harmonic vibration, their performance under impact-dominated excitation remains poorly understood. This study experimentally investigates the power management behavior of a hinged plate rain energy harvester, focusing on NMOS threshold gating and boost-converter stability. Measurements reveal two distinct electrical regimes: high-amplitude impact-induced voltage spikes (~ 1.5 V) and lower-amplitude residual vibration outputs (~ 0.5 V). NMOS gating provides threshold-selective conduction under vibration-dominated conditions but provides limited benefit when impulsive impacts dominate. In addition, boost-converter regulation becomes unstable due to the mismatch between transient voltage spikes and vibration-oriented design assumptions. These results indicate that steady vibration power management strategies are not universally applicable to rain-driven energy harvesting systems and highlight the need for impact-aware regulation, improved piezoelectric materials, and robust device architectures.

Graphical abstract