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<p>This study proposes a methodology for optimizing Pt/TiO<sub>2</sub>–CeO<sub>2</sub> catalysts to degrade the 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D)&#xa0;herbicide, thereby addressing the global challenge of water pollution. The catalyst’s design leverages the synergy between the photocatalytic activity of TiO<sub>2</sub> and the oxygen storage capacity of CeO<sub>2</sub>, enhanced with platinum (Pt) to improve electron transfer. An optimization framework based on metaheuristic algorithms and machine learning was used to optimize catalyst composition. The optimized formulation comprising 1.59&#xa0;wt% Pt supported on TiO<sub>2</sub> (94&#xa0;wt%) and CeO<sub>2</sub> (4.41&#xa0;wt%) was synthesized under controlled laboratory conditions. Experimental testing validated its high performance, achieving 98.93% contaminant degradation within 390&#xa0;min. This result was a 1.73% improvement over a non-optimized catalyst and deviated by only 0.06% from the model’s prediction. This catalyst formulation methodology shows strong potential for practical wastewater remediation, delivering high contaminant degradation efficiency under realistic operational conditions.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Optimized photocatalytic degradation of agroindustrial effluents using Pt/TiO2–CeO2: Synergizing materials science and AI optimization

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月9日

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  • Martín Antonio Hernández Bravo,
  • Kelly Joel Gurubel Tun,
  • Carlos Alberto Guzmán González,
  • Alejandro Pérez Larios

摘要

This study proposes a methodology for optimizing Pt/TiO2–CeO2 catalysts to degrade the 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) herbicide, thereby addressing the global challenge of water pollution. The catalyst’s design leverages the synergy between the photocatalytic activity of TiO2 and the oxygen storage capacity of CeO2, enhanced with platinum (Pt) to improve electron transfer. An optimization framework based on metaheuristic algorithms and machine learning was used to optimize catalyst composition. The optimized formulation comprising 1.59 wt% Pt supported on TiO2 (94 wt%) and CeO2 (4.41 wt%) was synthesized under controlled laboratory conditions. Experimental testing validated its high performance, achieving 98.93% contaminant degradation within 390 min. This result was a 1.73% improvement over a non-optimized catalyst and deviated by only 0.06% from the model’s prediction. This catalyst formulation methodology shows strong potential for practical wastewater remediation, delivering high contaminant degradation efficiency under realistic operational conditions.

Graphical abstract