Electrochemical evaluation of aluminum-diffused LiMn₂O₄ thin-film cathodes prepared by RF magnetron sputtering
摘要
The development of energy storage devices with high energy density, environmental compatibility, and cost-effectiveness requires strategies to overcome the intrinsic structural instabilities of LiMn₂O₄. In this work, a chemical doping approach based on aluminum metal diffusion via thermal annealing was investigated to suppress the Jahn–Teller distortion in LiMn₂O₄ thin-film cathodes. Cyclic voltammetry revealed the characteristic high-voltage redox couple of LiMn₂O₄ (3.9–4.2 V vs. Li/Li⁺), but also displayed electrochemical activity in the lower voltage range (2.6–3.1 V), indicative of a persistent Jahn–Teller distortion. Charge–discharge measurements yielded specific capacities (30 to 100 mAh g⁻1) below the theoretical value of 148 mAh g⁻1 and lower than the ~ 119 mAh g⁻1 reported in previous studies. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy showed lithium-ion diffusion coefficients in the range of 10⁻⁹–10⁻11 cm2 s⁻1, consistent with typical LiMn₂O₄ values but without evidence of enhanced transport kinetics from aluminum diffusion. These results suggest that diffusion-driven doping via thermal annealing is insufficient to mitigate the Jahn–Teller effect in LiMn₂O₄, highlighting the need for alternative doping strategies.
Graphical abstract