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<p>Droplet array formation is critical for high-throughput screening but faces challenges such as alignment during multi-material deposition after nozzle replacement. To address these issues, we extended our self-regulating pen-needle-based micronozzle system, originally developed for single-material droplet generation, to enable multi-material printing under fluorinated liquid. By incorporating disposable nozzles and leveraging a high-rigidity three-axis Cartesian robot, we achieved alternating (470–520 μm, 27–37 nL) and combinatorial (720 μm, 98 nL) droplet printing. We systematically investigated the relationship between printing parameters and droplet spacing, establishing operational boundaries. This versatile platform eliminates the need for alignment and enables multi-material arrays for applications in drug discovery and material development.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Combinatorial and alternating droplet printing with self-regulating pen-needle-based micronozzle

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月8日

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  • Muhammad Awais Maqbool,
  • Muhammad Zohaib Maqbool,
  • Shunya Okamoto,
  • Takayuki Shibata,
  • Tuhin Subhra Santra,
  • Moeto Nagai

摘要

Droplet array formation is critical for high-throughput screening but faces challenges such as alignment during multi-material deposition after nozzle replacement. To address these issues, we extended our self-regulating pen-needle-based micronozzle system, originally developed for single-material droplet generation, to enable multi-material printing under fluorinated liquid. By incorporating disposable nozzles and leveraging a high-rigidity three-axis Cartesian robot, we achieved alternating (470–520 μm, 27–37 nL) and combinatorial (720 μm, 98 nL) droplet printing. We systematically investigated the relationship between printing parameters and droplet spacing, establishing operational boundaries. This versatile platform eliminates the need for alignment and enables multi-material arrays for applications in drug discovery and material development.

Graphical abstract