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<p>Vitrification is a critical technology for long-term immobilization of nuclear waste. While most U from used nuclear fuel is not planned for immobilization in glass, there are certain situations where U and/or Th-rich waste streams may be vitrified. One example is direct feed high-level waste (DF-HLW) at the Hanford Site. To develop composition-structure–property relationships for U and Th, several series of glasses based on Hanford DF-HLW were synthesized and characterized. Th and U were observed to have distinctly different incorporation, with Th incorporating as a modifier below 2&#xa0;mol%&#xa0;ThO<sub>2</sub>, while U<sup>6+</sup>, as a uranyl speciation, incorporated above 6&#xa0;mol%&#xa0;UO<sub>3</sub> by joining the network. Discussion into the effects of U and Th on glass structure as well as U environment and oxidation state is provided. These findings not only advance the fundamental understanding of U and Th incorporation into non-crystalline matrices but also provide guidance for future vitrification endeavors.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Uranium and thorium in simulated Hanford Site direct feed high-level waste aluminoborosilicate glass

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年5月13日

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  • John Bussey,
  • Malin C. J. Dixon Wilkins,
  • Gavin McCloy,
  • Rachael Bergman-Underwood,
  • John McCloy

摘要

Vitrification is a critical technology for long-term immobilization of nuclear waste. While most U from used nuclear fuel is not planned for immobilization in glass, there are certain situations where U and/or Th-rich waste streams may be vitrified. One example is direct feed high-level waste (DF-HLW) at the Hanford Site. To develop composition-structure–property relationships for U and Th, several series of glasses based on Hanford DF-HLW were synthesized and characterized. Th and U were observed to have distinctly different incorporation, with Th incorporating as a modifier below 2 mol% ThO2, while U6+, as a uranyl speciation, incorporated above 6 mol% UO3 by joining the network. Discussion into the effects of U and Th on glass structure as well as U environment and oxidation state is provided. These findings not only advance the fundamental understanding of U and Th incorporation into non-crystalline matrices but also provide guidance for future vitrification endeavors.

Graphical abstract