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<p>In this work, silica gel particles (SG) were prepared via the Sol–Gel method, utilizing tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) as the precursor and hydrochloric acid as an acid catalyst for hydrolysis process. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) has confirmed the formation of the silica gel matrix, while X-ray diffraction (XRD) revealed its amorphous nature. Further, adsorption experiments have demonstrated the excellent efficiency of SG particles in removing methylene blue (MB) dye from aqueous solutions. Optimal conditions were identified as an initial concentration of 10&#xa0;mg/L, a temperature of 25&#xa0;°C, a pH of 11, and a contact time of 180&#xa0;min, leading to a removal efficiency of 99.8%. Kinetic studies have exhibited a pseudo-second-order adsorption mechanism, indicating strong MB–SG interactions. These findings highlight the potential of SG particles as a powerful and environmentally friendly adsorbent for dye removal, particularly in areas with limited research.</p> Graphical abstract <p>Schematic representation for methylene blue dye adsorption onto silica gel.</p>

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Kinetics and thermodynamics of methylene blue dye adsorption onto silica gel

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年2月12日

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  • Neda’a Al-Adaileh,
  • Suresh Sagadevan,
  • Mohammed A. Al-Anber,
  • Imad Hamadneh,
  • Fedaa Adaileh,
  • Is Fatimah,
  • Mohd Rafie Johan

摘要

In this work, silica gel particles (SG) were prepared via the Sol–Gel method, utilizing tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) as the precursor and hydrochloric acid as an acid catalyst for hydrolysis process. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) has confirmed the formation of the silica gel matrix, while X-ray diffraction (XRD) revealed its amorphous nature. Further, adsorption experiments have demonstrated the excellent efficiency of SG particles in removing methylene blue (MB) dye from aqueous solutions. Optimal conditions were identified as an initial concentration of 10 mg/L, a temperature of 25 °C, a pH of 11, and a contact time of 180 min, leading to a removal efficiency of 99.8%. Kinetic studies have exhibited a pseudo-second-order adsorption mechanism, indicating strong MB–SG interactions. These findings highlight the potential of SG particles as a powerful and environmentally friendly adsorbent for dye removal, particularly in areas with limited research.

Graphical abstract

Schematic representation for methylene blue dye adsorption onto silica gel.