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<p>In this study, ZnO rods were synthesized through the hydrothermal method. The experiment was performed at different reaction times: 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10&#xa0;h, while the reaction temperature and the solution pH were maintained constants. The obtained particles underwent characterization through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, showing the Zn–O absorption band around 536&#xa0;cm<sup>−1</sup>. By using X-ray diffraction, the wurtzite hexagonal phase of ZnO was identified. Scanning electron microscopy allow to observe the growth of rod-shaped structures, where the length and the width depend on the reaction time; therefore, the minimum mean values were 0.511&#xa0;µm and 0.101&#xa0;µm, respectively. In absence of surfactants, the appropriate selection of reaction time enables obtaining a controlled morphology of ZnO rod shapes. This control is attributed to the immediate association between the resulting crystallite size and the predominance of a growth process of obtaining rod-shaped structures.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Impact of short reaction times on the structural control of hydrothermally synthesized rod-shaped ZnO arrays

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年2月14日

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  • F. C. Sánchez-Vargas,
  • S. I. Garduño,
  • V. Rodríguez-Lugo

摘要

In this study, ZnO rods were synthesized through the hydrothermal method. The experiment was performed at different reaction times: 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 h, while the reaction temperature and the solution pH were maintained constants. The obtained particles underwent characterization through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, showing the Zn–O absorption band around 536 cm−1. By using X-ray diffraction, the wurtzite hexagonal phase of ZnO was identified. Scanning electron microscopy allow to observe the growth of rod-shaped structures, where the length and the width depend on the reaction time; therefore, the minimum mean values were 0.511 µm and 0.101 µm, respectively. In absence of surfactants, the appropriate selection of reaction time enables obtaining a controlled morphology of ZnO rod shapes. This control is attributed to the immediate association between the resulting crystallite size and the predominance of a growth process of obtaining rod-shaped structures.

Graphical abstract