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<p>3D printing is a growing technique that allows building complex structures with controlled properties. Scaffolds are essential as support for cells, being commonly produced using hydrogels. In this work, the printing parameters for agarose were analyzed and optimized, observing that agarose is a printable biomaterial. The best accuracy, considering a line, was 97.29%, for 2% of agarose and using a 25G needle at 6&#xa0;mm/s and 40&#xa0;kPa. Moreover, the shape fidelity of a grid was improved by adding 3% of laponite, obtaining an accuracy over 83%. Afterwards, a scaffold was successfully printed, which can be further investigated for tissue engineering applications.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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A simple method to assess the optimum 3D printing parameters, using agarose hydrogel

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月23日

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  • Ana Margarida Teixeira,
  • António Diogo André,
  • Pedro Martins

摘要

3D printing is a growing technique that allows building complex structures with controlled properties. Scaffolds are essential as support for cells, being commonly produced using hydrogels. In this work, the printing parameters for agarose were analyzed and optimized, observing that agarose is a printable biomaterial. The best accuracy, considering a line, was 97.29%, for 2% of agarose and using a 25G needle at 6 mm/s and 40 kPa. Moreover, the shape fidelity of a grid was improved by adding 3% of laponite, obtaining an accuracy over 83%. Afterwards, a scaffold was successfully printed, which can be further investigated for tissue engineering applications.

Graphical Abstract