<p>PLGA/HAp scaffolds were developed using the gel-casting technique with sodium citrate as a porogen to generate hierarchical porosity. Four compositions (80/20, 70/30, 60/40, 55/45) were evaluated in terms of structure, swelling, and cytocompatibility. SEM analysis revealed that formulations 80/20 (M1) and 55/45 (M4) displayed highly interconnected pores larger than 100&#xa0;µm together with elevated overall porosity. FTIR and XRD confirmed the coexistence of PLGA and HAp without secondary phases. Swelling tests showed that M1 had the most stable fluid absorption profile, while cell viability assays with dental pulp stem cells indicated acceptable biocompatibility for M1 and M4. M1 maintained higher metabolic activity over time, due to a balanced ceramic content and favorable ion release. These findings suggest that the 80/20 PLGA/HAp scaffold achieves an optimal balance of porosity, stability, and biological response, supporting its potential for bone regeneration applications.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Biomimetic PLGA/HAp scaffolds with tailored porosity: Boosting cell migration and nutrient transport for bone regeneration

  • B. L. Pérez,
  • I. G. Meza-Pardo,
  • R. Rosales-Ibañez,
  • L. S. Villaseñor-Cerón,
  • J. J. Rodríguez-Martínez,
  • D. Mendoza-Anaya,
  • V. Rodríguez-Lugo

摘要

PLGA/HAp scaffolds were developed using the gel-casting technique with sodium citrate as a porogen to generate hierarchical porosity. Four compositions (80/20, 70/30, 60/40, 55/45) were evaluated in terms of structure, swelling, and cytocompatibility. SEM analysis revealed that formulations 80/20 (M1) and 55/45 (M4) displayed highly interconnected pores larger than 100 µm together with elevated overall porosity. FTIR and XRD confirmed the coexistence of PLGA and HAp without secondary phases. Swelling tests showed that M1 had the most stable fluid absorption profile, while cell viability assays with dental pulp stem cells indicated acceptable biocompatibility for M1 and M4. M1 maintained higher metabolic activity over time, due to a balanced ceramic content and favorable ion release. These findings suggest that the 80/20 PLGA/HAp scaffold achieves an optimal balance of porosity, stability, and biological response, supporting its potential for bone regeneration applications.

Graphical abstract