<p>Printable structural colors, originating from the interaction of light with micro- and nanostructures, have emerged as a promising approach for creating vibrant, durable, and environmentally friendly coloration. The mechanisms of natural structural colors are introduced. Current printing techniques, including nozzle-based and light-based methods, are discussed, along with their respective color generation strategies. These strategies are categorized into three main approaches: nanostructure self-assembly, high-resolution printing, and total reflection interfaces. Additionally, this review addresses the current challenges within the field for each strategy and proposes potential future directions for the development of printable structural colors.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>