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<p>We report the first 3D-printed PEGMA-co-(PNIPAM crosslinked with PEGDA) hydrogels via digital light processing. Aqueous resins containing PEGDAn crosslinkers with varying chain lengths were evaluated for printability, rheology, and mechanical performance. Photo-rheology revealed an optimal chain length that maximizes structural integrity. Hydrogels formulated with PEGDA<sub>13</sub> exhibited superior resolution, shape fidelity, and mechanical strength, with optimized crosslinking density (<i>ν</i><sub><i>e</i></sub> = 3.9 × 10<sup>22</sup>&#xa0;m⁻<sup>3</sup>) and entanglement distance (<i>ξ</i> = 2.9 × 10⁻⁸&#xa0;m). SEM and AFM confirmed PEG-rich and PNIPAM-rich domains. The LCST increased to 35℃ with longer crosslinker chains, offering a customizable strategy for designing water-based 3D-printed hydrogel architectures.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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3D-printed PEGMA-co-(PNIPAM crosslinked with PEGDA) hydrogels by digital light processing in aqueous media

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年5月16日

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  • Armando E. Castillo,
  • Melisa Trejo-Maldonado,
  • Tania E. Lara-Ceniceros,
  • Edgar H. Ramírez-Soria,
  • José Román Torres-Lubián,
  • M. A. Garza-Navarro,
  • Rigoberto C. Advincula,
  • José Bonilla-Cruz

摘要

We report the first 3D-printed PEGMA-co-(PNIPAM crosslinked with PEGDA) hydrogels via digital light processing. Aqueous resins containing PEGDAn crosslinkers with varying chain lengths were evaluated for printability, rheology, and mechanical performance. Photo-rheology revealed an optimal chain length that maximizes structural integrity. Hydrogels formulated with PEGDA13 exhibited superior resolution, shape fidelity, and mechanical strength, with optimized crosslinking density (νe = 3.9 × 1022 m⁻3) and entanglement distance (ξ = 2.9 × 10⁻⁸ m). SEM and AFM confirmed PEG-rich and PNIPAM-rich domains. The LCST increased to 35℃ with longer crosslinker chains, offering a customizable strategy for designing water-based 3D-printed hydrogel architectures.

Graphical abstract