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<p>Osteomyelitis and osteosarcoma are challenging bone disorders requiring biomaterials to combat bacterial colonization and suppress tumor cell proliferation. Hydroxyapatite (HAP) is a benchmark bone material but lacks anti-bacterial activity and ability to induce apoptosis. Ferulic acid (FA) was incorporated into HAP via ultrasonic-assisted hydrothermal synthesis as a chelating agent and bioactive modifier. The synthesized HAP–FA nanocomposite was characterized using various physicochemical techniques. It exhibited significant anti-bacterial activity against <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, achieving a 1-log reduction in colony-forming units, along with moderate antioxidant potential. MTT assay results in MG-63 osteosarcoma cells, the nanocomposite induced complete cell death at 100&#xa0;μg/mL with an IC<sub>50</sub> of 47.82&#xa0;μg/mL. In contrast, MC3T3 pre-osteoblast cells maintained 93% viability at 200&#xa0;μg/mL, demonstrating good biocompatibility. Annexin V-FITC/PI flow cytometric result confirmed early apoptosis (49.23%) with minimal necrosis (0.19%), indicating apoptotic pathway activation. Hence, HAP–FA nanocomposite represents a promising candidate for osteomyelitis prevention and osteosarcoma suppression.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Synthesis and biological evaluation of hydroxyapatite Ferulic acid nanocomposite for osteomyelitis prevention and osteosarcoma inhibition

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月8日

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  • K. Santhiya,
  • J. Indira,
  • M. Krishna Veni,
  • G. Jayanthi

摘要

Osteomyelitis and osteosarcoma are challenging bone disorders requiring biomaterials to combat bacterial colonization and suppress tumor cell proliferation. Hydroxyapatite (HAP) is a benchmark bone material but lacks anti-bacterial activity and ability to induce apoptosis. Ferulic acid (FA) was incorporated into HAP via ultrasonic-assisted hydrothermal synthesis as a chelating agent and bioactive modifier. The synthesized HAP–FA nanocomposite was characterized using various physicochemical techniques. It exhibited significant anti-bacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, achieving a 1-log reduction in colony-forming units, along with moderate antioxidant potential. MTT assay results in MG-63 osteosarcoma cells, the nanocomposite induced complete cell death at 100 μg/mL with an IC50 of 47.82 μg/mL. In contrast, MC3T3 pre-osteoblast cells maintained 93% viability at 200 μg/mL, demonstrating good biocompatibility. Annexin V-FITC/PI flow cytometric result confirmed early apoptosis (49.23%) with minimal necrosis (0.19%), indicating apoptotic pathway activation. Hence, HAP–FA nanocomposite represents a promising candidate for osteomyelitis prevention and osteosarcoma suppression.

Graphical abstract