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<p>MAX phases were successfully synthesized using industrial-grade precursors, a strategy that not only reduced processing costs and enhanced accessibility but also enabled scalability for potential large-scale applications. The corresponding MXene nanosheets was subsequently derived, and the etching process was systematically investigated through two distinct routes: HF etching and acid-assisted etching. In the direct approach, HF was employed as the etching agent. The results revealed that although the incorporation of salts facilitated a safer extraction pathway, the consequent reduction in effective acid concentration markedly prolonged the reaction time and promoted the formation of undesired by-products, leading to lower-quality MXene nanosheets. With an optimized etching duration of approximately 2&#xa0;h, it exhibited superior efficiency and yielded MXene nanosheets with higher structural integrity and purity. These findings highlight that the utilization of industrial-grade raw materials does not hinder the successful synthesis of MAX phases, but instead provides a cost-effective and scalable strategy.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Improving the synthesis route of Cr2AlC MAX phases and Cr2CTx MXene nanosheets from cost-effective precursor materials

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月26日

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  • Fatemeh Zahra Shirjazi,
  • Komeil Nasouri,
  • Mansoor Mandegari

摘要

MAX phases were successfully synthesized using industrial-grade precursors, a strategy that not only reduced processing costs and enhanced accessibility but also enabled scalability for potential large-scale applications. The corresponding MXene nanosheets was subsequently derived, and the etching process was systematically investigated through two distinct routes: HF etching and acid-assisted etching. In the direct approach, HF was employed as the etching agent. The results revealed that although the incorporation of salts facilitated a safer extraction pathway, the consequent reduction in effective acid concentration markedly prolonged the reaction time and promoted the formation of undesired by-products, leading to lower-quality MXene nanosheets. With an optimized etching duration of approximately 2 h, it exhibited superior efficiency and yielded MXene nanosheets with higher structural integrity and purity. These findings highlight that the utilization of industrial-grade raw materials does not hinder the successful synthesis of MAX phases, but instead provides a cost-effective and scalable strategy.

Graphical abstract