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<p>Implantable microelectrode arrays (MEAs) have seen remarkable progress and become indispensable in research and clinical applications. Most existing MEAs are designed for electrical interfacing, allowing recording of electrophysiology and/or electrical stimulation of the nervous system. However, brain information flows through electrical and chemical signaling, underscoring the need for electrical and chemical interfacing. This review introduces advancements in multi-modal MEA that can record electrical and chemical neural activities, and/or perturbate neural circuits. These capabilities are vital for unraveling the coordination between electrical and chemical signals that underpin neurological functions and&#xa0;disorders. We explore the design, functionality, and application of multi-modal MEAs, emphasizing the importance of device/tissue integration for comprehensive understanding and modulation of brain dynamics. Multi-modality MEAs hold significant potential for breakthroughs in our understanding of the brain and treatment of neurological disorders. We also discuss future research in this field, emphasizing the need for the expansion of multi-modality MEA capabilities.</p> Graphical Abstract <p>Implantable Microelectrode Arrays (MEAs) are advancing beyond basic electrical recording to become multi-modality MEAs that integrate electrophysiology, neurochemical sensing, and neuromodulation capabilities. This integration is crucial because brain function relies on the coordination between electrical (action potentials) and chemical (neurotransmitters) signaling. The goal is to create platforms capable of multi-dimensional, bi-directional communication with neural tissue to enable breakthroughs in basic neuroscience and the treatment of neurological disorders. This review introduces advancements in multi-modal MEA. We focused on exploring the design, functionality, and application of multi-modal MEAs, emphasizing the importance of device/tissue integration for comprehensive understanding and modulation of brain dynamics. We also discuss future research in this field, emphasizing key advancements should be focused on neurochemical detection and neuromodulation techniques refinements, material and fabrication innovations, low-power circuit architectures for data acquisition and wireless communication, and clinical translation frameworks development.</p> <p></p>

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Implantable multi-modality microelectrode arrays: Past, present, and future

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月24日

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  • Bingchen Wu,
  • Xinyan Tracy Cui

摘要

Implantable microelectrode arrays (MEAs) have seen remarkable progress and become indispensable in research and clinical applications. Most existing MEAs are designed for electrical interfacing, allowing recording of electrophysiology and/or electrical stimulation of the nervous system. However, brain information flows through electrical and chemical signaling, underscoring the need for electrical and chemical interfacing. This review introduces advancements in multi-modal MEA that can record electrical and chemical neural activities, and/or perturbate neural circuits. These capabilities are vital for unraveling the coordination between electrical and chemical signals that underpin neurological functions and disorders. We explore the design, functionality, and application of multi-modal MEAs, emphasizing the importance of device/tissue integration for comprehensive understanding and modulation of brain dynamics. Multi-modality MEAs hold significant potential for breakthroughs in our understanding of the brain and treatment of neurological disorders. We also discuss future research in this field, emphasizing the need for the expansion of multi-modality MEA capabilities.

Graphical Abstract

Implantable Microelectrode Arrays (MEAs) are advancing beyond basic electrical recording to become multi-modality MEAs that integrate electrophysiology, neurochemical sensing, and neuromodulation capabilities. This integration is crucial because brain function relies on the coordination between electrical (action potentials) and chemical (neurotransmitters) signaling. The goal is to create platforms capable of multi-dimensional, bi-directional communication with neural tissue to enable breakthroughs in basic neuroscience and the treatment of neurological disorders. This review introduces advancements in multi-modal MEA. We focused on exploring the design, functionality, and application of multi-modal MEAs, emphasizing the importance of device/tissue integration for comprehensive understanding and modulation of brain dynamics. We also discuss future research in this field, emphasizing key advancements should be focused on neurochemical detection and neuromodulation techniques refinements, material and fabrication innovations, low-power circuit architectures for data acquisition and wireless communication, and clinical translation frameworks development.