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<p>Laser-induced graphene (LIG) derived from renewable precursors has attracted significant attention in functional devices applications. It combines a facile preparation through transformative laser processing, a tunable morphology, a good electrical conductivity, and high surface area with potential degradability and environmental sustainability compared to LIG from synthetic precursors. In this work, we investigate a variety of biowastes as precursors of conductive LIG, including almond shells, almond skins, hazelnut shells, mandarin peels, coffee grounds, lignin, to fabricate LIG through UV-laser scribing. These abundant agricultural and food-industry biowastes are first ground into a powder. Then, powders are used in the shape of pellets and as fillers in chitosan-based composites to investigate the LIG formation, by optimizing UV laser scribing parameters. Laser scribing of raw biowaste materials rich in lignin and phenolic compounds results in efficient graphitization and low sheet resistance (&lt;60&#xa0;Ω&#xa0;sq<sup>−1</sup>) of the resulting LIG. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Raman spectroscopy confirm the formation of LIG networks with a porous three-dimensional structure. Microscopic morphology, Raman spectroscopy, and sheet resistance of the resulting LIG are analyzed in detail and correlated with the lignin content of each bio-waste. The results highlight the influence of precursor chemical composition and structure on the LIG quality. These findings open new possibilities for the development of sustainable materials for eco-friendly electronics in a circular economy approach, where low-value waste is upcycled, and an overall mitigation of environmental impact is expected.</p> Graphical abstract <p>Various biowaste serve as a sustainable and accessible carbon source. Laser processing of biomass produces porous graphene LIG structures with high electrical conductivity and large surface area. The circular nature of the process, which transforms waste into high value-added materials, might help in reducing the environmental footprint, minimize waste, and develop sustainable technologies for various sensor applications.</p>

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Laser-induced graphene from biowaste materials

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月3日

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  • Yulia Steksova,
  • Anna Chiara Bressi,
  • Marina Galliani,
  • Attilio Marino,
  • Gianni Ciofani,
  • Francesco Greco

摘要

Laser-induced graphene (LIG) derived from renewable precursors has attracted significant attention in functional devices applications. It combines a facile preparation through transformative laser processing, a tunable morphology, a good electrical conductivity, and high surface area with potential degradability and environmental sustainability compared to LIG from synthetic precursors. In this work, we investigate a variety of biowastes as precursors of conductive LIG, including almond shells, almond skins, hazelnut shells, mandarin peels, coffee grounds, lignin, to fabricate LIG through UV-laser scribing. These abundant agricultural and food-industry biowastes are first ground into a powder. Then, powders are used in the shape of pellets and as fillers in chitosan-based composites to investigate the LIG formation, by optimizing UV laser scribing parameters. Laser scribing of raw biowaste materials rich in lignin and phenolic compounds results in efficient graphitization and low sheet resistance (<60 Ω sq−1) of the resulting LIG. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Raman spectroscopy confirm the formation of LIG networks with a porous three-dimensional structure. Microscopic morphology, Raman spectroscopy, and sheet resistance of the resulting LIG are analyzed in detail and correlated with the lignin content of each bio-waste. The results highlight the influence of precursor chemical composition and structure on the LIG quality. These findings open new possibilities for the development of sustainable materials for eco-friendly electronics in a circular economy approach, where low-value waste is upcycled, and an overall mitigation of environmental impact is expected.

Graphical abstract

Various biowaste serve as a sustainable and accessible carbon source. Laser processing of biomass produces porous graphene LIG structures with high electrical conductivity and large surface area. The circular nature of the process, which transforms waste into high value-added materials, might help in reducing the environmental footprint, minimize waste, and develop sustainable technologies for various sensor applications.