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Background <p>Surgical management remains the cornerstone in the management of gastro-entero-pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (GEP-NETs), yet surgical indications and procedures are often inconsistent. To inform the development of a research agenda to strengthen the evidence in NETs surgical care, we conducted a scoping review to map the existing literature on surgery for gastro-entero-pancreatic (GEP) NETs.</p> Materials and Methods <p>The scoping review was conducted following the expanded framework of Arksey and O’Malley. A literature search was run on MEDLINE, Embase, and Scopus in October 2024 for studies published since 2000 reporting on any surgical intervention, performed under general or loco-regional anesthesia on adults with GEP-NETs at any stage.</p> Results <p>Among the 10,000 studies screened, 260 were included. Publications included were mostly reviews covering a broad range of topics. Of the 120 original investigations, 96.7% were retrospective cohort studies and 43% were single center. There were only four prospective cohort studies. Of all publications included, the most common topics were observation of small pancreatic NETs, treatment of liver metastases, safety of minimally invasive surgery, and prognostication. Of original investigations, the majority compared surgical approaches, followed by examination of lymph node harvest and defining size cutoff for observation of pancreatic NETs.</p> Conclusions <p>This scoping review highlights limitations and gaps in the evidence supporting surgical care for GEP-NETs. Very few original investigations report prospective or multi-institutional data, and examination of pancreatic NETs dominate the literature. Future research should prioritize prospective, multi-institutional studies, stage- and primary-site-specific analyses, and interventional trials evaluating surgery relative to other therapies.</p>

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Mapping the Evidence for Surgical Care of Gastro-Entero-Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors (GEP-NETs): A Scoping Review

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月28日

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  • Léamarie Meloche-Dumas,
  • Josh Bleicher,
  • Kjetil Soreide,
  • Els Nieveen van Djikum,
  • Stefan Stättner,
  • Lev Bubis,
  • Alexandra Gangi,
  • Stefano Partelli,
  • Julie Hallet,
  • Massimo Falconi,
  • Detlef K. Bartsch,
  • Sean Bennett,
  • Gabriela Buerba,
  • Ismael Dominguez-Rosado,
  • Callisia Clarke,
  • Andrea Frilling,
  • Giuseppe Kito Fusai,
  • Sébastien Gaujoux,
  • Daryl Gray,
  • Thilo Hackert,
  • Anna Nießen,
  • James R. Howe,
  • Bas Groot Koerkamp,
  • Jessica Maxwell,
  • Frédéric Mercier,
  • Andreas Pascher,
  • Rodney Pommier,
  • Marco Del Chiaro,
  • Salvador Rodriguez,
  • Alain Sauvanet,
  • Safi Domak,
  • Farhana Shariff,
  • Peter Stålberg,
  • Olov Norlén,
  • Heather Stuart,
  • Alice Wei

摘要

Background

Surgical management remains the cornerstone in the management of gastro-entero-pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (GEP-NETs), yet surgical indications and procedures are often inconsistent. To inform the development of a research agenda to strengthen the evidence in NETs surgical care, we conducted a scoping review to map the existing literature on surgery for gastro-entero-pancreatic (GEP) NETs.

Materials and Methods

The scoping review was conducted following the expanded framework of Arksey and O’Malley. A literature search was run on MEDLINE, Embase, and Scopus in October 2024 for studies published since 2000 reporting on any surgical intervention, performed under general or loco-regional anesthesia on adults with GEP-NETs at any stage.

Results

Among the 10,000 studies screened, 260 were included. Publications included were mostly reviews covering a broad range of topics. Of the 120 original investigations, 96.7% were retrospective cohort studies and 43% were single center. There were only four prospective cohort studies. Of all publications included, the most common topics were observation of small pancreatic NETs, treatment of liver metastases, safety of minimally invasive surgery, and prognostication. Of original investigations, the majority compared surgical approaches, followed by examination of lymph node harvest and defining size cutoff for observation of pancreatic NETs.

Conclusions

This scoping review highlights limitations and gaps in the evidence supporting surgical care for GEP-NETs. Very few original investigations report prospective or multi-institutional data, and examination of pancreatic NETs dominate the literature. Future research should prioritize prospective, multi-institutional studies, stage- and primary-site-specific analyses, and interventional trials evaluating surgery relative to other therapies.