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Background <p>Accurate non-invasive diagnosis of early-stage ovarian cancer remains challenging because of the limited number of biomarkers. Although artificial intelligence algorithms show promise for ovarian cancer diagnosis, their reliance on specialized engineering knowledge hinders their accessibility. The recent emergence of visual large language models such as GPT-4o has further expanded the potential of AI in this domain.</p> Methods <p>GPT-4o was trained to automatically recognize ovarian lesions, report key computed tomography (CT) features of ovarian lesions, and make a benign or malignant diagnosis based on these features. Radiologists and gynecologic oncologists independently reviewed the GPT-4o reports and evaluated GPT-4o's performance.</p> Results <p>GPT-4o achieved diagnostic accuracies of 80.80%, 79.14%, and 93.33% in the three datasets. Its performance surpassed that of gynecologic oncologist with 10&#xa0;years of experience but was inferior to that of gynecologic oncologist with 16&#xa0;years of experience and radiologists with ≥&#xa0;7 years of experience. The clinician-rated reliability in detecting the four key CT features was 4.22/5.00 for cyst wall and septum status; 4.24/5.00 for nodular or papillary protrusions; 4.30/5.00 for density and enhancement distribution; and 4.25/5.00 for cystic-solid characteristics. The use of GPT-4o increased the accuracy of radiologist and gynecologic oncologist diagnoses by 1.96% and 10.50%, respectively.</p> Conclusions <p>GPT-4o identifies the key CT features of ovarian cancer and achieves promising diagnostic accuracy with high-quality diagnostic evidence.</p>

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A Novel Approach to Ovarian Cancer Diagnosis via CT Imaging: GPT-4o-Driven Automated Feature Recognition and Validation in Clinical Settings

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月17日

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  • Shimin Zhang,
  • Qiuyang Hou,
  • Mufei Ding,
  • Yuming Zhu,
  • Gang Dai,
  • Zhao Lu,
  • Zhuonan Liu,
  • Bosinan Chen,
  • Xiaogeng Li,
  • Jingyi Liu,
  • Kexue Deng,
  • Jiangdian Song,
  • Xin Zhou

摘要

Background

Accurate non-invasive diagnosis of early-stage ovarian cancer remains challenging because of the limited number of biomarkers. Although artificial intelligence algorithms show promise for ovarian cancer diagnosis, their reliance on specialized engineering knowledge hinders their accessibility. The recent emergence of visual large language models such as GPT-4o has further expanded the potential of AI in this domain.

Methods

GPT-4o was trained to automatically recognize ovarian lesions, report key computed tomography (CT) features of ovarian lesions, and make a benign or malignant diagnosis based on these features. Radiologists and gynecologic oncologists independently reviewed the GPT-4o reports and evaluated GPT-4o's performance.

Results

GPT-4o achieved diagnostic accuracies of 80.80%, 79.14%, and 93.33% in the three datasets. Its performance surpassed that of gynecologic oncologist with 10 years of experience but was inferior to that of gynecologic oncologist with 16 years of experience and radiologists with ≥ 7 years of experience. The clinician-rated reliability in detecting the four key CT features was 4.22/5.00 for cyst wall and septum status; 4.24/5.00 for nodular or papillary protrusions; 4.30/5.00 for density and enhancement distribution; and 4.25/5.00 for cystic-solid characteristics. The use of GPT-4o increased the accuracy of radiologist and gynecologic oncologist diagnoses by 1.96% and 10.50%, respectively.

Conclusions

GPT-4o identifies the key CT features of ovarian cancer and achieves promising diagnostic accuracy with high-quality diagnostic evidence.