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<p>High flow therapy (HFT) delivers heated and humidified gas at flow rates up to 60 L/min to hypoxemic subjects, but is not conducive to simultaneous administration of pharmaceutical aerosols. Aerosol losses occur due to circuit wall impaction, environmental loss and particle growth from high humidity; resulting in poor lung delivery efficiency. This study compares two strategies for delivering dry powder aerosols during 60 L/min humidified HFT: a circuit connector (HFT-CC) which integrates directly into the standard HFT flow pathway, and an interface connector (HFT-IC) designed to bypass delivery line losses by directly injecting aerosol into the nasal prongs. Experiments were conducted using an anatomically-realistic <i>in vitro</i> adult nasal airway model with physiological breathing patterns, albuterol sulfate excipient enhanced growth (AS-EEG) dry powder formulation, air-jet aerosolization engine, and custom air actuation system. The HFT-CC approach improved lung delivery to 25.6% compared to existing published data (12.8%) but was limited by losses in the circuit tubing and nasal interface. The HFT-IC approach with a split nasal interface achieved 45.1% lung delivery (HFT-IC3), nearly a fourfold improvement from previously published results, by isolating aerosol flow from HFT flow and eliminating upstream losses. While nose-throat (NT) deposition in HFT-IC3 remained high (39.6%), this approach presents an attractive target for future computational and experimental optimization. These findings prove that efficient dry powder aerosol&#xa0;lung delivery during 60 L/min humidified HFT is achievable, laying the groundwork for translational advances in the efficient delivery of pulmonary therapies such as surfactants, antibiotics, anti-inflammatories, and antivirals during ventilatory support.</p>

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Rapid and Efficient Aerosol Delivery During 60 L/min High Flow Nasal Cannula Therapy—In Vitro Development of a Novel Dry Powder Delivery Platform

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月10日

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  • Casey Grey,
  • Ghali Aladwani,
  • Anya Maradiaga,
  • Dale Farkas,
  • Nathan Perkins,
  • Aamer Syed,
  • Michael Hindle,
  • P. Worth Longest

摘要

High flow therapy (HFT) delivers heated and humidified gas at flow rates up to 60 L/min to hypoxemic subjects, but is not conducive to simultaneous administration of pharmaceutical aerosols. Aerosol losses occur due to circuit wall impaction, environmental loss and particle growth from high humidity; resulting in poor lung delivery efficiency. This study compares two strategies for delivering dry powder aerosols during 60 L/min humidified HFT: a circuit connector (HFT-CC) which integrates directly into the standard HFT flow pathway, and an interface connector (HFT-IC) designed to bypass delivery line losses by directly injecting aerosol into the nasal prongs. Experiments were conducted using an anatomically-realistic in vitro adult nasal airway model with physiological breathing patterns, albuterol sulfate excipient enhanced growth (AS-EEG) dry powder formulation, air-jet aerosolization engine, and custom air actuation system. The HFT-CC approach improved lung delivery to 25.6% compared to existing published data (12.8%) but was limited by losses in the circuit tubing and nasal interface. The HFT-IC approach with a split nasal interface achieved 45.1% lung delivery (HFT-IC3), nearly a fourfold improvement from previously published results, by isolating aerosol flow from HFT flow and eliminating upstream losses. While nose-throat (NT) deposition in HFT-IC3 remained high (39.6%), this approach presents an attractive target for future computational and experimental optimization. These findings prove that efficient dry powder aerosol lung delivery during 60 L/min humidified HFT is achievable, laying the groundwork for translational advances in the efficient delivery of pulmonary therapies such as surfactants, antibiotics, anti-inflammatories, and antivirals during ventilatory support.