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<p>The work at hand follows the pragmatic design and development of a tripartite controlled release tablet, motivated by the ongoing opioid epidemic and poor adherence to adjunct gastroprotective agents (GPAs) in chronic NSAID users. Taking heed of critical process parameters (CPPs) and critical material attributes (CMAs), a formulation capable of meeting the pre-defined Quality Target Product Profiles (QTPPs) and critical quality attributes (CQAs) was achieved. Delivering 50% of the Paracetamol (PAR) dose within the first 30&#xa0;min, from an Immediate Release (IR) layer of 250&#xa0;mg (PAR) for an early onset of analgesia; 100&#xa0;mg of Diclofenac Sodium (DS) and 250&#xa0;mg of PAR from the cup, formulated for a delayed and retarded release, and lastly 20&#xa0;mg Esomeprazole Magnesium Trihydrate (ESM) from a press coated core pill, the latter often prescribed separately. The release mechanism of PAR and DS from the cup after the 2-h mark distinctly followed the Hixson-Crowell model where the geometrical characteristic of the cup was maintained with surface erosion. SEM analysis results prior to and during dissolution confirmed bulk and surface erosion release mechanisms. The obtained <i>ex vivo</i> analysis results showed retarded permeation rates of the tableted APIs compared to the APIs in their pure state.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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A Chrono-Prolific Controlled Release Tripartite Tablet: Case Study of Paracetamol, Diclofenac Sodium and Esomeprazole Magnesium Trihydrate

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月6日

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  • Kundai R. Mazarura,
  • Pradeep Kumar,
  • Armorel van Eyk,
  • Yahya E. Choonara

摘要

The work at hand follows the pragmatic design and development of a tripartite controlled release tablet, motivated by the ongoing opioid epidemic and poor adherence to adjunct gastroprotective agents (GPAs) in chronic NSAID users. Taking heed of critical process parameters (CPPs) and critical material attributes (CMAs), a formulation capable of meeting the pre-defined Quality Target Product Profiles (QTPPs) and critical quality attributes (CQAs) was achieved. Delivering 50% of the Paracetamol (PAR) dose within the first 30 min, from an Immediate Release (IR) layer of 250 mg (PAR) for an early onset of analgesia; 100 mg of Diclofenac Sodium (DS) and 250 mg of PAR from the cup, formulated for a delayed and retarded release, and lastly 20 mg Esomeprazole Magnesium Trihydrate (ESM) from a press coated core pill, the latter often prescribed separately. The release mechanism of PAR and DS from the cup after the 2-h mark distinctly followed the Hixson-Crowell model where the geometrical characteristic of the cup was maintained with surface erosion. SEM analysis results prior to and during dissolution confirmed bulk and surface erosion release mechanisms. The obtained ex vivo analysis results showed retarded permeation rates of the tableted APIs compared to the APIs in their pure state.

Graphical Abstract