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<p>Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC–MS) is the standard instrumental procedure for quantitating nitrosamine drug substance-related impurities (NDSRIs) due to its superior specificity and sensitivity. Electrospray (ESI) is the most used ionization source in LC–MS. However, analytes can undergo fragmentation directly within the ESI source before reaching the collision cell. This phenomenon is known as in source fragmentation (ISF). To our knowledge, the impact of ISF on analytical procedure performance for NDSRI measurements has not been explored. Thus, here, we present a case study on an NDSRI (nitroso-bumetanide) to illustrate how efforts can be taken during analytical procedure development to minimize ISF while still achieving the analytical target profile (ATP) measurement goals. In addition, we share some thoughts about incorporating risk assessment and leveraging prior knowledge for analytical procedure development for NDSRI LC–MS technology-based testing purposes.</p>

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Minimizing in Source Fragmentation for Mass Spectrometry Based NDSRI Analytical Procedures: A Case Study of Nitroso-bumetanide

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月10日

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  • Jinhui Zhang,
  • Mack Shih,
  • Jingyue Yang,
  • David A. Keire,
  • Xiaoming Xu,
  • Patrick J. Faustino

摘要

Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC–MS) is the standard instrumental procedure for quantitating nitrosamine drug substance-related impurities (NDSRIs) due to its superior specificity and sensitivity. Electrospray (ESI) is the most used ionization source in LC–MS. However, analytes can undergo fragmentation directly within the ESI source before reaching the collision cell. This phenomenon is known as in source fragmentation (ISF). To our knowledge, the impact of ISF on analytical procedure performance for NDSRI measurements has not been explored. Thus, here, we present a case study on an NDSRI (nitroso-bumetanide) to illustrate how efforts can be taken during analytical procedure development to minimize ISF while still achieving the analytical target profile (ATP) measurement goals. In addition, we share some thoughts about incorporating risk assessment and leveraging prior knowledge for analytical procedure development for NDSRI LC–MS technology-based testing purposes.