Background <p>The use of metal-organic framework (MOF)-based nanofertilizers has shown promise in raising agricultural output; however, questions about their safety, effects on the environment, and general agronomic advantages still need to be addressed. This study critically reviews the available but limited evidence on environmental implications and safety while systematically evaluating the agronomic efficacy of MOF based nanofertilizers through quantitative meta-analysis.</p> Methods <p>From January 2015 to October 5, 2025, a thorough search of PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Science Direct, and Google Scholar was conducted. Controlled experimental research (field, pot, greenhouse, or laboratory) that reported on the toxicity, environmental effects, or agronomic efficiency (yield or nutrient uptake) of MOF formulations was considered eligible. Standardized mean differences were used in random-effects meta-analyses, and a Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used to evaluate the risk of bias.</p> Results <p>Six studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the systematic review; of these, meta-analysis of five selected studies revealed that MOF-based treatments significantly enhance agronomic performance, evidenced by increased Yield (SMD = 3.65) and nutrient uptake (SMD = 24.04) under controlled conditions. Additionally, kernel-related attributes improved (SMD = 1.99), and there were strong benefits in pathogen inhibition (SMD = 13.34).</p> Conclusions <p>Longer-term field research and thorough ecological assessments are necessary because, although MOF-based nanofertilizers clearly show agronomic efficacy under controlled laboratory circumstances, there is still little and mostly short-term information about their environmental safety. In order to support responsible field-level implementation, significant limitations in study design, scalability, and long-term ecological assessments need critical evaluation.</p>