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<p>Fungi represent a diverse and ecologically significant group of eukaryotic microorganisms. Here, we characterized fungal diversity in the surface water of Yangshan Deep-Water Harbor (YH)—a dynamic brackish habitat influenced by both Yangtze River freshwater and East China Sea seawater—using an internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) based metagenomic approach. Our results reveal that fungal communities in YH are strongly shaped by water temperature, with samples at 20&#xa0;°C showing greater similarity to those at 10&#xa0;°C than to those at 30&#xa0;°C, and overall communities more closely resembling seawater than freshwater assemblages. We further found that bacterial communities co-influence fungal diversity, and that fungal assemblages in YH exhibit relatively low ecological stability. Taxonomically, <i>Ascomycota</i> and <i>Basidiomycota</i> dominated among classified fungi, while a substantial proportion of fungal phylotypes (1,344 operational taxonomic units [OTUs], 51.4% of sequences) remained unclassified. Notably, <i>Candida parapsilosis</i>, a common opportunistic human pathogen, represented over 60% of sequences in YH samples at 20&#xa0;°C, likely reflecting inputs from human-impacted coastal freshwater sources. This study highlights the ecological complexity of YH and underscores the role of anthropogenic activities in shaping its fungal communities.</p>

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Temperature-driven shifts in fungal community structure and potential pathogen prevalence in the surface water of Yangshan Deep-Water Harbor

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月2日

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  • Xue Wang,
  • Jinzhou Xiao,
  • Jigang Han,
  • Weihua Pan,
  • Wanqing Liao,
  • Pan Bo,
  • Yongjie Wang

摘要

Fungi represent a diverse and ecologically significant group of eukaryotic microorganisms. Here, we characterized fungal diversity in the surface water of Yangshan Deep-Water Harbor (YH)—a dynamic brackish habitat influenced by both Yangtze River freshwater and East China Sea seawater—using an internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) based metagenomic approach. Our results reveal that fungal communities in YH are strongly shaped by water temperature, with samples at 20 °C showing greater similarity to those at 10 °C than to those at 30 °C, and overall communities more closely resembling seawater than freshwater assemblages. We further found that bacterial communities co-influence fungal diversity, and that fungal assemblages in YH exhibit relatively low ecological stability. Taxonomically, Ascomycota and Basidiomycota dominated among classified fungi, while a substantial proportion of fungal phylotypes (1,344 operational taxonomic units [OTUs], 51.4% of sequences) remained unclassified. Notably, Candida parapsilosis, a common opportunistic human pathogen, represented over 60% of sequences in YH samples at 20 °C, likely reflecting inputs from human-impacted coastal freshwater sources. This study highlights the ecological complexity of YH and underscores the role of anthropogenic activities in shaping its fungal communities.