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Background <p>The emergence of antibiotic-resistant pathogens in aquaculture necessitates the exploration of sustainable alternatives for disease management. This study investigates the antibacterial and therapeutic efficacy of dietary administered <i>Carica papaya</i> leaf extract (PLE) against <i>Aeromonas veronii</i> in <i>Labeo rohita</i>, a key species in Indian freshwater aquaculture.</p> Results <p>Among aqueous, ethanolic, and methanolic extracts of papaya leaf, only the methanolic extract exhibited significant in vitro antibacterial activity, with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 12.5&#xa0;mg mL⁻¹ for <i>A. veronii</i>. Acute toxicity assessment revealed median lethal concentration (LC₅₀) value of 160.69&#xa0;mg L⁻¹ for PLE in <i>L. rohita</i>. The median lethal dose (LD₅₀) for&#xa0;<i>A. veronii</i> was determined as 1.4 × 10⁴ CFU (Colony-Forming Units) mL⁻¹. In an in vivo trial, fish were administered PLE-supplemented diets at concentrations of 25, 50, 75, and 100&#xa0;mg g⁻¹, at a feeding rate of 2% of body weight per day, following infection. Hematological and immune-biochemical parameters, including total erythrocyte count, hemoglobin, total leucocyte count, C-reactive protein, protein, albumin, globulin, liver enzymes (serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase - sGOT, serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase – sGPT and alkaline phosphatase - ALP), and catalase activity, were evaluated. Results showed significant recovery in PLE-fed groups, particularly at lower doses of 50 mg g<sup>−1</sup>, indicating improved immune response, reduced oxidative stress, and restored liver function.</p> Conclusion <p>The findings suggest that methanolic PLE is a promising phytotherapeutic agent for managing <i>A. veronii</i> infections, supporting its use in aquaculture disease management.</p>

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Therapeutic evaluation of papaya (Carica papaya) leaf extract for disease management in Indian major carp, Labeo rohita infected with Aeromonas veronii

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月12日

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  • Rupendra Kumar Meshram,
  • Rajive Kumar Brahmchari,
  • Aditi Banik,
  • Maneesh Kumar Dubey,
  • Gulshan Kumar,
  • Sujit Kumar Nayak,
  • Shivendra Kumar,
  • Prem Prakash Shrivastava

摘要

Background

The emergence of antibiotic-resistant pathogens in aquaculture necessitates the exploration of sustainable alternatives for disease management. This study investigates the antibacterial and therapeutic efficacy of dietary administered Carica papaya leaf extract (PLE) against Aeromonas veronii in Labeo rohita, a key species in Indian freshwater aquaculture.

Results

Among aqueous, ethanolic, and methanolic extracts of papaya leaf, only the methanolic extract exhibited significant in vitro antibacterial activity, with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 12.5 mg mL⁻¹ for A. veronii. Acute toxicity assessment revealed median lethal concentration (LC₅₀) value of 160.69 mg L⁻¹ for PLE in L. rohita. The median lethal dose (LD₅₀) for A. veronii was determined as 1.4 × 10⁴ CFU (Colony-Forming Units) mL⁻¹. In an in vivo trial, fish were administered PLE-supplemented diets at concentrations of 25, 50, 75, and 100 mg g⁻¹, at a feeding rate of 2% of body weight per day, following infection. Hematological and immune-biochemical parameters, including total erythrocyte count, hemoglobin, total leucocyte count, C-reactive protein, protein, albumin, globulin, liver enzymes (serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase - sGOT, serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase – sGPT and alkaline phosphatase - ALP), and catalase activity, were evaluated. Results showed significant recovery in PLE-fed groups, particularly at lower doses of 50 mg g−1, indicating improved immune response, reduced oxidative stress, and restored liver function.

Conclusion

The findings suggest that methanolic PLE is a promising phytotherapeutic agent for managing A. veronii infections, supporting its use in aquaculture disease management.