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<p>Amphenicol residues in foods of animal origin can pose severe risks to human health; however, the determination of amphenicols is usually based on a single-mode immunoassays. So a multi-mode method capable of determining amphenicols is desirable. In this study, a tri-mode fluorescence detection method for amphenicols was developed on the basis of the ribosomal protein L16 (rpL16) of <i>Thermus thermophilus</i>. In particular, rpL16 was expressed, and its recognition mechanism for three amphenicols was investigated using a molecular docking technique. The protein was conjugated to red quantum dots to prepare a recognition element, which was combined with a blue carbon dot-labeled fluorescent tracer to develop a direct competitive microplate-based assay for the detection of amphenicols. As the analyte concentration increased, there was a color change from purple to red, the RGB value increased, and the fluorescence intensity from the tracer decreased. The results could be read with the naked eye, a smartphone, and a multimode microplate reader. The limits of detection for determination of the three amphenicols in eggs were 1.0 ng/g via visual detection, 10 pg/g via smartphone detection, and 0.05–0.17&#xa0;pg/g via instrumental detection. This study reports the first tri-mode detection method for the determination of small molecule compounds based on quantum dots and carbon dots, providing a versatile tool for amphenicol detection in foods of animal origin under different usage scenarios.</p>

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Production of ribosomal protein L16 and development of a tri-mode detection method for amphenicols based on quantum dots and carbon dots

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月11日

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  • Yi Cai,
  • Sikun Yuan,
  • Jianping Wang,
  • Cheng Feng

摘要

Amphenicol residues in foods of animal origin can pose severe risks to human health; however, the determination of amphenicols is usually based on a single-mode immunoassays. So a multi-mode method capable of determining amphenicols is desirable. In this study, a tri-mode fluorescence detection method for amphenicols was developed on the basis of the ribosomal protein L16 (rpL16) of Thermus thermophilus. In particular, rpL16 was expressed, and its recognition mechanism for three amphenicols was investigated using a molecular docking technique. The protein was conjugated to red quantum dots to prepare a recognition element, which was combined with a blue carbon dot-labeled fluorescent tracer to develop a direct competitive microplate-based assay for the detection of amphenicols. As the analyte concentration increased, there was a color change from purple to red, the RGB value increased, and the fluorescence intensity from the tracer decreased. The results could be read with the naked eye, a smartphone, and a multimode microplate reader. The limits of detection for determination of the three amphenicols in eggs were 1.0 ng/g via visual detection, 10 pg/g via smartphone detection, and 0.05–0.17 pg/g via instrumental detection. This study reports the first tri-mode detection method for the determination of small molecule compounds based on quantum dots and carbon dots, providing a versatile tool for amphenicol detection in foods of animal origin under different usage scenarios.