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<p>The objective of this research was to evaluate the effectiveness of silane surface treatment as a failure mitigation strategy for epoxy composites reinforced with Ixtle fiber, a PET core and <i>Elaeocarpus ganitrus</i> husk biochar when subjected to prolonged service temperature exposure. Accordingly, untreated, silane treated and thermally aged composites were fabricated and conditioned at 50&#xa0;°C for durations of 7 days, 14 days, 30 days and 90 days. Mechanical, fatigue and drilling behaviours were systematically investigated supported by microstructural interpretation. The results show that silane treatment significantly improves the initial mechanical, fatigue and drilling performance by enhancing fiber matrix interfacial bonding. However, with increasing service temperature duration, all mechanical properties exhibit a gradual decline due to matrix degradation and interfacial weakening. Even so, silane treated composites retained superior mechanical and fatigue performance compared to untreated composites with strength retention remaining within an acceptable range after up to 90 days of exposure at 50&#xa0;°C. Drilling results further confirm reduced hole enlargement and improved dimensional stability in treated systems despite thermal ageing. Overall, the findings highlight that silane surface treatment effectively delays thermally induced damage and preserves functional performance over extended service durations thereby, demonstrating its practical relevance for polymer composites intended for moderately elevated temperature applications.</p>

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Silane surface treatment as a failure-mitigation strategy for ixtle fiber–PET core–Elaeocarpus ganitrus husk biochar reinforced epoxy composites under service temperature conditions

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月7日

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  • E S Elumalai,
  • R Asokan

摘要

The objective of this research was to evaluate the effectiveness of silane surface treatment as a failure mitigation strategy for epoxy composites reinforced with Ixtle fiber, a PET core and Elaeocarpus ganitrus husk biochar when subjected to prolonged service temperature exposure. Accordingly, untreated, silane treated and thermally aged composites were fabricated and conditioned at 50 °C for durations of 7 days, 14 days, 30 days and 90 days. Mechanical, fatigue and drilling behaviours were systematically investigated supported by microstructural interpretation. The results show that silane treatment significantly improves the initial mechanical, fatigue and drilling performance by enhancing fiber matrix interfacial bonding. However, with increasing service temperature duration, all mechanical properties exhibit a gradual decline due to matrix degradation and interfacial weakening. Even so, silane treated composites retained superior mechanical and fatigue performance compared to untreated composites with strength retention remaining within an acceptable range after up to 90 days of exposure at 50 °C. Drilling results further confirm reduced hole enlargement and improved dimensional stability in treated systems despite thermal ageing. Overall, the findings highlight that silane surface treatment effectively delays thermally induced damage and preserves functional performance over extended service durations thereby, demonstrating its practical relevance for polymer composites intended for moderately elevated temperature applications.