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<p>Graphene’s unique combination of low mass and outstanding mechanical strength opens up promising avenues for enhancing the acoustic performance of microspeakers used in hearing aids. This paper presents an optimized design of a graphene-based composite diaphragm, activated by a piezoelectric layer, using multi-physics finite element analysis to maximize acoustic efficiency. The investigation emphasizes simulation-led design, exploring different material combinations and acoustic cavity configurations. A circular diaphragm made of graphene, paired with either polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) or Lead Zirconate Titanate type 5H (PZT-5H) as the active piezoelectric layer, is modeled to fit within a compact hearing aid receiver. Frequency domain simulations in the 800 Hz–10 kHz range indicate that the graphene–PZT-5H configuration delivers a notably higher peak sound pressure level (SPL) of approximately 120 dB at a 1 V input, compared to roughly 91 dB of the graphene–PVDF variant. To enhance the performance further, a fractal-shaped acoustic domain (tube) is introduced, resulting in resonance peaks at approximately 3 kHz with SPL around 114 dB, optimizing the diaphragm’s radius to nearly 3.5 mm. At higher frequencies, SPL remains stable at around 92 dB for the broadband frequency range of 3.5 to 10 kHz. These findings highlight the potential of graphene–piezoelectric composites to achieve powerful wideband audio output in miniaturized hearing devices, outperforming existing piezoelectric microspeaker technologies without increasing the dimensions of the device.</p>

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Optimization of graphene-based speaker for hearing aids

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月30日

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  • Monika Ingale,
  • Uday Pandit Khot

摘要

Graphene’s unique combination of low mass and outstanding mechanical strength opens up promising avenues for enhancing the acoustic performance of microspeakers used in hearing aids. This paper presents an optimized design of a graphene-based composite diaphragm, activated by a piezoelectric layer, using multi-physics finite element analysis to maximize acoustic efficiency. The investigation emphasizes simulation-led design, exploring different material combinations and acoustic cavity configurations. A circular diaphragm made of graphene, paired with either polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) or Lead Zirconate Titanate type 5H (PZT-5H) as the active piezoelectric layer, is modeled to fit within a compact hearing aid receiver. Frequency domain simulations in the 800 Hz–10 kHz range indicate that the graphene–PZT-5H configuration delivers a notably higher peak sound pressure level (SPL) of approximately 120 dB at a 1 V input, compared to roughly 91 dB of the graphene–PVDF variant. To enhance the performance further, a fractal-shaped acoustic domain (tube) is introduced, resulting in resonance peaks at approximately 3 kHz with SPL around 114 dB, optimizing the diaphragm’s radius to nearly 3.5 mm. At higher frequencies, SPL remains stable at around 92 dB for the broadband frequency range of 3.5 to 10 kHz. These findings highlight the potential of graphene–piezoelectric composites to achieve powerful wideband audio output in miniaturized hearing devices, outperforming existing piezoelectric microspeaker technologies without increasing the dimensions of the device.