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<p>In most fruit-bearing plants, the growth and ripening of the fruit are highly coordinated with its seeds. In tomato (<i>Solanum lycopersicum</i>), fruit growth is regulated by a number of transcription factors. The WUSCHEL-RELATED HOMEOBOX (WOX) transcription factor COMPOUND INFLORESCENCE (S)/SlWOX9 is a key regulator of inflorescence branching and embryogenesis. In this study, we show that S activity is indispensable for fruit and seed development. Ectopic <i>S</i> expression led to a decrease in seed weight and markedly suppressed endoreduplication-associated fruit growth. Conversely, the <i>s-classic</i> allele promoted fruit growth in the small-fruited <i>S. pimpinellifolium</i> accession LA1781 though the promotion was offset by fruit overload and vegetative reversion of flowers in large-fruited cultivars. Through transcriptome profiling and DNA affinity purification sequencing (DAP-seq), we discovered that S targeted a set of genes involved in seed development. Moreover, we demonstrate that S regulates fruit and seed development mainly through direct transcriptional repression of the <i>Mei2-like</i> gene <i>SlTEL1</i> (<i>Solanum lycopersicum TERMINAL EAR-LIKE 1</i>). These findings uncover a new aspect of transcription regulation of fruit growth and seed development by WOX transcription factors in tomato.</p>

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Compound Inflorescence (S) represses fruit growth and seed development in tomato

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月8日

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  • Lin Weng,
  • Li Wang,
  • Enbai Zhou,
  • Guixiang Wang,
  • Xiaoyan Wang,
  • Rong Li,
  • Yuan Sun,
  • Meng Li,
  • Han Xiao

摘要

In most fruit-bearing plants, the growth and ripening of the fruit are highly coordinated with its seeds. In tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), fruit growth is regulated by a number of transcription factors. The WUSCHEL-RELATED HOMEOBOX (WOX) transcription factor COMPOUND INFLORESCENCE (S)/SlWOX9 is a key regulator of inflorescence branching and embryogenesis. In this study, we show that S activity is indispensable for fruit and seed development. Ectopic S expression led to a decrease in seed weight and markedly suppressed endoreduplication-associated fruit growth. Conversely, the s-classic allele promoted fruit growth in the small-fruited S. pimpinellifolium accession LA1781 though the promotion was offset by fruit overload and vegetative reversion of flowers in large-fruited cultivars. Through transcriptome profiling and DNA affinity purification sequencing (DAP-seq), we discovered that S targeted a set of genes involved in seed development. Moreover, we demonstrate that S regulates fruit and seed development mainly through direct transcriptional repression of the Mei2-like gene SlTEL1 (Solanum lycopersicum TERMINAL EAR-LIKE 1). These findings uncover a new aspect of transcription regulation of fruit growth and seed development by WOX transcription factors in tomato.