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<p>The resolution of an imaging system has long been constrained by the Abbe-Rayleigh diffraction limit. While significant progress has been made in developing superresolution techniques, many approaches rely on near-field scanning, fluorescence labeling, and are hindered by trade-offs among resolution, field-of-view, and energy efficiency. Here, we introduce a conceptually new approach that enables far-field, label-free superresolution imaging while avoiding the image-plane sidebands inherent to real-space superoscillatory imaging systems. By exploiting a 3D-patterned metalens with a topology-optimized response in both real- and <i>k</i> (wavevector)-space, we disrupt the spatially shift-invariance assumption in classical imaging systems, significantly expanding the effective lens aperture through a mechanism we term <i>k</i>-space superoscillation. This achieves resolution beyond the Rayleigh criterion. Prototype experiments at microwave frequencies demonstrate a twofold resolution enhancement over the diffraction limit without computational post-processing. This work opens avenues for applications ranging from biology, astronomy, and materials science.</p>

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Far-field superresolution imaging via k-space superoscillation

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月12日

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  • Bohan Zhang,
  • Hao Zhang,
  • Fei Zhang,
  • Wei Liu,
  • Yuanmu Yang

摘要

The resolution of an imaging system has long been constrained by the Abbe-Rayleigh diffraction limit. While significant progress has been made in developing superresolution techniques, many approaches rely on near-field scanning, fluorescence labeling, and are hindered by trade-offs among resolution, field-of-view, and energy efficiency. Here, we introduce a conceptually new approach that enables far-field, label-free superresolution imaging while avoiding the image-plane sidebands inherent to real-space superoscillatory imaging systems. By exploiting a 3D-patterned metalens with a topology-optimized response in both real- and k (wavevector)-space, we disrupt the spatially shift-invariance assumption in classical imaging systems, significantly expanding the effective lens aperture through a mechanism we term k-space superoscillation. This achieves resolution beyond the Rayleigh criterion. Prototype experiments at microwave frequencies demonstrate a twofold resolution enhancement over the diffraction limit without computational post-processing. This work opens avenues for applications ranging from biology, astronomy, and materials science.