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Background <p>Post-tuberculosis lung disease (PTLD) encompasses chronic respiratory abnormalities that persist following microbiological cure of tuberculosis. Nearly half of all tuberculosis survivors experience long-term pulmonary sequelae, and their risk of airflow obstruction or restrictive impairment is substantially higher than in individuals without prior tuberculosis. This study aimed to characterize the clinical spectrum and spirometric patterns of patients with PTLD, and to compare these findings with contemporary literature.</p> Methods <p>A cross-sectional study was conducted at a tertiary care center between March 2024 and October 2025. A total of 100 adults who had completed anti-tubercular treatment at least six months before enrollment were included. Demographic information and exposure histories were recorded. All participants underwent radiological investigations, sputum examination, and spirometry. Data were collected using a standardized case record form and analyzed using appropriate statistical methods.</p> Results <p>The mean age of the participants was 48.9 ± 7.0 years, and 77% were female. Dyspnea and cough were the most common presenting symptoms. Radiological investigations revealed cystic bronchiectasis with interlobular septal thickening in 28% of participants, cystic bronchiectasis alone in 27%, and fibrocavitary lesions in 23%, indicating significant post-inflammatory airway remodeling. Sputum culture was positive in 17% of participants, with Pseudomonas aeruginosa being the most commonly isolated organism. Spirometry demonstrated obstructive impairment in 37% of participants, restrictive impairment in 26%, and mixed impairment in 26%, while only 11% had normal lung function.</p> Conclusion <p>PTLD is associated with substantial radiological damage and significant impairment in lung function. Obstructive and mixed ventilatory defects were the predominant spirometric abnormalities, highlighting the need for routine spirometric monitoring of tuberculosis survivors. Integration of pulmonary rehabilitation, smoking cessation programs, and early lung function assessment into tuberculosis care programs is essential to reduce the long-term sequelae of tuberculosis.</p>

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Clinical spectrum and spirometry assessment of patients diagnosed with post‑tuberculosis lung disease

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月21日

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  • Parna Chakraborty,
  • Sachinkumar Dole,
  • M. S. Barthwal

摘要

Background

Post-tuberculosis lung disease (PTLD) encompasses chronic respiratory abnormalities that persist following microbiological cure of tuberculosis. Nearly half of all tuberculosis survivors experience long-term pulmonary sequelae, and their risk of airflow obstruction or restrictive impairment is substantially higher than in individuals without prior tuberculosis. This study aimed to characterize the clinical spectrum and spirometric patterns of patients with PTLD, and to compare these findings with contemporary literature.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted at a tertiary care center between March 2024 and October 2025. A total of 100 adults who had completed anti-tubercular treatment at least six months before enrollment were included. Demographic information and exposure histories were recorded. All participants underwent radiological investigations, sputum examination, and spirometry. Data were collected using a standardized case record form and analyzed using appropriate statistical methods.

Results

The mean age of the participants was 48.9 ± 7.0 years, and 77% were female. Dyspnea and cough were the most common presenting symptoms. Radiological investigations revealed cystic bronchiectasis with interlobular septal thickening in 28% of participants, cystic bronchiectasis alone in 27%, and fibrocavitary lesions in 23%, indicating significant post-inflammatory airway remodeling. Sputum culture was positive in 17% of participants, with Pseudomonas aeruginosa being the most commonly isolated organism. Spirometry demonstrated obstructive impairment in 37% of participants, restrictive impairment in 26%, and mixed impairment in 26%, while only 11% had normal lung function.

Conclusion

PTLD is associated with substantial radiological damage and significant impairment in lung function. Obstructive and mixed ventilatory defects were the predominant spirometric abnormalities, highlighting the need for routine spirometric monitoring of tuberculosis survivors. Integration of pulmonary rehabilitation, smoking cessation programs, and early lung function assessment into tuberculosis care programs is essential to reduce the long-term sequelae of tuberculosis.