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Background <p>Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a serious and potentially life-threatening complication of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Functional characterization may facilitate the differentiation of the heterogeneous phenotypes of systemic lupus erythematosus–associated pulmonary hypertension (SLE-PH).</p> Methods <p>Sixty patients with SLE-PH were prospectively analyzed and classified into four groups: SLE-associated pulmonary arterial hypertension (SLE-PAH; <i>n</i> = 15), SLE with left ventricular (LV) dysfunction (<i>n</i> = 20), SLE with interstitial lung disease–associated pulmonary hypertension (ILD-PH; <i>n</i> = 21), and chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH; <i>n</i> = 4). Spirometric, echocardiographic, and clinical variables were compared using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with least significant difference (LSD) post-hoc testing and Fisher’s exact test.</p> Results <p>Airflow indices were comparable across groups. In contrast, forced vital capacity (FVC) differed significantly (<i>p</i> = 0.017), with reduced values observed in the ILD-PH subgroup. The LV dysfunction subgroup demonstrated markedly reduced ejection fraction (EF) (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) and elevated estimated pulmonary artery pressure (EPAP) (<i>p</i> = 0.037). Post-hoc analysis identified significant pairwise differences in forced expiratory volume in 1&#xa0;s (FEV₁), FEV₁/FVC ratio, and EPAP. Dyspnea severity also differed significantly among groups (<i>p</i> = 0.018).</p> Conclusions <p>SLE-PH demonstrates distinct cardiopulmonary functional phenotypes. The combined use of spirometry and echocardiography provides a practical, non-invasive approach for early phenotypic characterization, with potential implications for risk stratification and individualized management.</p>

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Cardiopulmonary functional profiles in systemic lupus erythematosus–associated pulmonary hypertension: a spirometric and echocardiographic study

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月1日

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  • Ahmed F. Mady,
  • Youssef Mohamed Amin Soliman,
  • Nezar Refaat Tawfik,
  • Haitham Emad Refaat,
  • Mohammed Taha Abdelfattah

摘要

Background

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a serious and potentially life-threatening complication of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Functional characterization may facilitate the differentiation of the heterogeneous phenotypes of systemic lupus erythematosus–associated pulmonary hypertension (SLE-PH).

Methods

Sixty patients with SLE-PH were prospectively analyzed and classified into four groups: SLE-associated pulmonary arterial hypertension (SLE-PAH; n = 15), SLE with left ventricular (LV) dysfunction (n = 20), SLE with interstitial lung disease–associated pulmonary hypertension (ILD-PH; n = 21), and chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH; n = 4). Spirometric, echocardiographic, and clinical variables were compared using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with least significant difference (LSD) post-hoc testing and Fisher’s exact test.

Results

Airflow indices were comparable across groups. In contrast, forced vital capacity (FVC) differed significantly (p = 0.017), with reduced values observed in the ILD-PH subgroup. The LV dysfunction subgroup demonstrated markedly reduced ejection fraction (EF) (p < 0.001) and elevated estimated pulmonary artery pressure (EPAP) (p = 0.037). Post-hoc analysis identified significant pairwise differences in forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV₁), FEV₁/FVC ratio, and EPAP. Dyspnea severity also differed significantly among groups (p = 0.018).

Conclusions

SLE-PH demonstrates distinct cardiopulmonary functional phenotypes. The combined use of spirometry and echocardiography provides a practical, non-invasive approach for early phenotypic characterization, with potential implications for risk stratification and individualized management.