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Background <p>Retained primitive reflexes (RPR) in school-aged children indicate neurodevelopmental delay and have been associated with learning difficulties, such as dyslexia. According to current knowledge, there is no evidence to what extent retention of primitive reflexes may play a role in the pathophysiology of auditory processing disorders (APD).</p> Objective <p>The current study aimed to evaluate the existence of primitive reflexes in a group of school-aged learning disabled children with a confirmed diagnosis of APD (with or without comorbid dyslexia), aiming for a better understanding of the underlying pathophysiology of APD in those children.</p> Methods <p>A total of 50 school-aged children (6–9&#xa0;years old) with learning difficulties were divided into two groups: a combined group consisting of 40 APD children with coexisting dyslexia and an isolated APD group consisting of 10 children (with normal reading abilities). They were examined for retained primitive reflexes (RPR) and underdeveloped head rightening reflex (HRR).</p> Results <p>Overall, 67% of the combined group and 70% of the isolated APD group had at least one retained primitive reflex and/or underdeveloped HRR.</p> Conclusion <p>Study findings support the hypothesis that APD is part of neurodevelopmental delay, which necessitates screening for primitive reflexes and APD as a client factor that may impact academic learning processes.</p>

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Assessment of primitive reflexes in children with learning disability

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月25日

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  • Amani Shalaby,
  • nagwa Hazzaa,
  • Sahar Hassanein,
  • Ahmed Khattab,
  • Nancy Metwally,
  • Fathy Naeem

摘要

Background

Retained primitive reflexes (RPR) in school-aged children indicate neurodevelopmental delay and have been associated with learning difficulties, such as dyslexia. According to current knowledge, there is no evidence to what extent retention of primitive reflexes may play a role in the pathophysiology of auditory processing disorders (APD).

Objective

The current study aimed to evaluate the existence of primitive reflexes in a group of school-aged learning disabled children with a confirmed diagnosis of APD (with or without comorbid dyslexia), aiming for a better understanding of the underlying pathophysiology of APD in those children.

Methods

A total of 50 school-aged children (6–9 years old) with learning difficulties were divided into two groups: a combined group consisting of 40 APD children with coexisting dyslexia and an isolated APD group consisting of 10 children (with normal reading abilities). They were examined for retained primitive reflexes (RPR) and underdeveloped head rightening reflex (HRR).

Results

Overall, 67% of the combined group and 70% of the isolated APD group had at least one retained primitive reflex and/or underdeveloped HRR.

Conclusion

Study findings support the hypothesis that APD is part of neurodevelopmental delay, which necessitates screening for primitive reflexes and APD as a client factor that may impact academic learning processes.