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Background <p>Endothelial dysfunction is a key contributor to cardiovascular complications in patients with thalassemia and sickle cell disease (SCD), this dysfunction is linked to early atherosclerosis development. This study aimed to assess macrovascular and microvascular changes using non-invasive techniques and correlate them with clinical and laboratory parameters.</p> Methods <p>This case-control study included 94 adult participants (32 SCD, 32 thalassemia, and 32 healthy controls) between July 2023 to December 2024. We assessed endothelial function using flow-mediated dilatation (FMD), carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (CF-PWV), and nailfold capillaroscopy (NFC), alongside laboratory investigations.</p> Results <p>FMD was significantly reduced in patient groups compared to controls (<i>p</i> = 0.015), while CF-PWV showed no significant difference (<i>p</i> = 0.593). NFC revealed significantly lower capillary density in patients (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). Hydroxyurea use was associated with better capillary density (<i>p</i> = 0.043).</p> Conclusion <p>Patients with SCD and thalassemia exhibit early endothelial dysfunction, particularly at the microvascular level. NFC and FMD may serve as useful non-invasive tools for early detection, and hydroxyurea may have a protective vascular role.</p>

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Arterial stiffness and microvascular changes in adult Egyptian patients with beta-thalassemia and sickle cell anemia: a case-control study

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月28日

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  • Rasha Rawi,
  • Ibrahim Zaki Foad,
  • Hala Aly Gamal El Din,
  • Mary Wadie Fawzy,
  • Hany William Z. Hanna,
  • Mohamed Mahmoud Said,
  • Maha Farouk Youssef Yacoub

摘要

Background

Endothelial dysfunction is a key contributor to cardiovascular complications in patients with thalassemia and sickle cell disease (SCD), this dysfunction is linked to early atherosclerosis development. This study aimed to assess macrovascular and microvascular changes using non-invasive techniques and correlate them with clinical and laboratory parameters.

Methods

This case-control study included 94 adult participants (32 SCD, 32 thalassemia, and 32 healthy controls) between July 2023 to December 2024. We assessed endothelial function using flow-mediated dilatation (FMD), carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (CF-PWV), and nailfold capillaroscopy (NFC), alongside laboratory investigations.

Results

FMD was significantly reduced in patient groups compared to controls (p = 0.015), while CF-PWV showed no significant difference (p = 0.593). NFC revealed significantly lower capillary density in patients (p < 0.001). Hydroxyurea use was associated with better capillary density (p = 0.043).

Conclusion

Patients with SCD and thalassemia exhibit early endothelial dysfunction, particularly at the microvascular level. NFC and FMD may serve as useful non-invasive tools for early detection, and hydroxyurea may have a protective vascular role.