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<p>Encephalopathy, a condition characterized by diffuse cerebral dysfunction, is prevalent among the elderly, with estimates ranging from 10% to 40%. This prospective observational study, conducted over 18 months at SKIMS Medical College and Hospital, Srinagar, aimed to evaluate the clinical, laboratory, and etiological profiles of encephalopathy in elderly patients (≥ 60 years) with a Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) &lt; 15. A total of 138 patients were included, with 63% aged 60–70 years and 55% being male. Hypertension (84.8%) and diabetes (26.8%) were the most common comorbidities. Altered sensorium (98.6%) was the predominant symptom. Metabolic encephalopathy (29.71%) was the most frequent type, followed by multifactorial (26.08%), septic (25.36%), and neurologic (16.66%) causes. Key findings included significant associations between septic and neurologic encephalopathy and mortality (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001 and <i>p</i> = 0.045, respectively). Laboratory results revealed higher urea, creatinine, and lactate levels in expired patients (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). The mortality rate was 46.4%, with septic encephalopathy being a significant predictor of poor outcomes. This study highlights the need for early diagnosis and targeted management to improve survival and reduce long-term cognitive deficits in elderly encephalopathy patients. Further research is warranted to explore regional variations and optimize treatment strategies.</p>

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Clinical, laboratory, etiological profile and outcome of encephalopathy in elderly

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月13日

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  • Asim Farooq Khan,
  • Mehraj ul Islam Teeli,
  • Amir Wani,
  • Qadar un Nissa Rather,
  • Imran Salam Teeli,
  • Seerat Manzoor

摘要

Encephalopathy, a condition characterized by diffuse cerebral dysfunction, is prevalent among the elderly, with estimates ranging from 10% to 40%. This prospective observational study, conducted over 18 months at SKIMS Medical College and Hospital, Srinagar, aimed to evaluate the clinical, laboratory, and etiological profiles of encephalopathy in elderly patients (≥ 60 years) with a Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) < 15. A total of 138 patients were included, with 63% aged 60–70 years and 55% being male. Hypertension (84.8%) and diabetes (26.8%) were the most common comorbidities. Altered sensorium (98.6%) was the predominant symptom. Metabolic encephalopathy (29.71%) was the most frequent type, followed by multifactorial (26.08%), septic (25.36%), and neurologic (16.66%) causes. Key findings included significant associations between septic and neurologic encephalopathy and mortality (p < 0.001 and p = 0.045, respectively). Laboratory results revealed higher urea, creatinine, and lactate levels in expired patients (p < 0.05). The mortality rate was 46.4%, with septic encephalopathy being a significant predictor of poor outcomes. This study highlights the need for early diagnosis and targeted management to improve survival and reduce long-term cognitive deficits in elderly encephalopathy patients. Further research is warranted to explore regional variations and optimize treatment strategies.