Purpose <p>The aim of this study is to examine the influence of green human resource management practices (GHRMPs) on corporate sustainability (CS) through the mediating role of internal green supply chain management (IGSCM) and moderating role of green innovation (GI) by drawing on the dynamic capabilities theory (DCT) and resource orchestration theory (ROT) in public hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.</p> Design/methodology/approach <p>The study is quantitative and cross-sectional. Data were collected from employees (<i>N</i> = 321) of selected public hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, using convenience sampling. Data were analyzed using Smart-Pls 4.</p> Findings <p>The finding of this research revealed that GHRMPs have a positive and significant impact on CS directly and through a mediating role of IGSCM and a moderating role of GI. Thus, results suggest that the healthcare sector, which is exercising GHRMPs, can enhance corporate sustainability. Furthermore, the finding of the current research showed that IGSCM’s Q2 values (0.221) and CS’s (0.320) met the high predictive relevance of the structural model. Moreover, the model fit values, such as standardized root-mean-square residual (SRMR) and normed fit index (NFI), are 0.058 and 0.902, respectively, indicating that the model is fit.</p> Practical/theoretical implication <p>This research has significant implications for hospital managers and incorporates the findings presented in this paper into their strategic planning, policy formulation, and decision-making processes. Moreover, the results of this study contribute to the existing literature on the association between GHRMPs and CS. Furthermore, the finding of the present study adds knowledge to the DCT and ROT.</p> Originality/value <p>To the best of the author’s knowledge, this research is the first prepared to study the impact of GHRMPs on CS through the mediating role of IGSCM and moderating role of GI in the healthcare context.</p>