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<p>Atom-based sensing with optical readout is fundamentally limited by photon shot noise. Squeezed light can effectively suppress this noise of optical readout, thereby enabling measurement sensitivities beyond the standard quantum limit, but their application in light–atom hybrid systems is often hindered by absorption losses of atomic medium. Here, we demonstrate the first realization of electromagnetically induced transparency spectrum in a Rydberg-atom system using a squeezed probe field that surpasses the photon shot noise limit. Our theoretical model identifies atomic transit and absorption-induced losses as the primary factors limiting squeezing preservation. Experimentally, we engineer the atomic ensemble as a medium with tunable transmittance by employing Doppler-matched velocity-selective excitation to suppress absorption, achieving a squeezing transmission of 90.4<InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\%\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mo>%</mo> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> for -1.7 dB squeezed light through a cesium vapor cell. This work is a critical step towards quantum-enhanced Rydberg atom sensors.</p>

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Sub-shot-noise Rydberg EIT spectrum

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月15日

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  • Hongmei Yan,
  • Mingyong Jing,
  • Yanjie Tong,
  • Wenguang Yang,
  • Hao Zhang,
  • Zongkai Liu,
  • Junyao Xie,
  • Yaohui Zheng,
  • Liantuan Xiao,
  • Suotang Jia,
  • Linjie Zhang

摘要

Atom-based sensing with optical readout is fundamentally limited by photon shot noise. Squeezed light can effectively suppress this noise of optical readout, thereby enabling measurement sensitivities beyond the standard quantum limit, but their application in light–atom hybrid systems is often hindered by absorption losses of atomic medium. Here, we demonstrate the first realization of electromagnetically induced transparency spectrum in a Rydberg-atom system using a squeezed probe field that surpasses the photon shot noise limit. Our theoretical model identifies atomic transit and absorption-induced losses as the primary factors limiting squeezing preservation. Experimentally, we engineer the atomic ensemble as a medium with tunable transmittance by employing Doppler-matched velocity-selective excitation to suppress absorption, achieving a squeezing transmission of 90.4 \(\%\) % for -1.7 dB squeezed light through a cesium vapor cell. This work is a critical step towards quantum-enhanced Rydberg atom sensors.