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Introduction <p>The study aimed to evaluate the effects of a cardiac rehabilitation program based on physical exercise and the promotion of healthy habits on anxiety, depression, and health-related quality of life in patients with cardiovascular conditions. Additionally, it sought to analyze the influence of baseline anxiety and depression levels on post-treatment health-related quality of life outcomes.</p> Methods <p>A longitudinal study was conducted with 189 patients who completed a structured cardiac rehabilitation program. Anxiety and depression were assessed using the Goldberg Anxiety and Depression Scale, while health-related quality of life was measured with the RAND-36 survey. Data were collected pre- and post-intervention. Statistical analyses included paired t tests for pre/post-comparisons and ANCOVA to evaluate the impact of initial anxiety and depression on health-related quality of life improvements.</p> Results <p>The cardiac rehabilitation program significantly reduced anxiety (mean difference =  − 0.93, CI: − 1.42 to − 0.44, p &lt; 0.001; Cohen’s d = 0.35) and depression (mean difference =  − 0.62, CI: − 0.99 to − 0.25, p &lt; 0.001; Cohen’s d = 0.32), with improvements observed across several health-related quality of life dimensions, including emotional well-being (p = 0.005) and energy/fatigue (p &lt; 0.001). Baseline anxiety and depression levels influenced changes in specific health-related quality of life dimensions, such as social functioning and role limitations due to physical health (p &lt; 0.05). Causal interpretations are limited by the observational design and absence of a control group.</p> Discussion <p>The results show an association between participation in cardiac rehabilitation programs and a reduction in anxiety and depression, as well as improved health-related quality of life in patients with cardiovascular disease. Baseline psychological status plays a key role in determining the magnitude of health-related quality of life improvements, highlighting the need for tailored interventions.</p>

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Impact of cardiac rehabilitation on anxiety, depression, and health-related quality of life in cardiovascular patients

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月20日

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  • Estrella García-Sánchez,
  • Mirian Santamaría-Peláez,
  • Jerónimo J. González-Bernal,
  • Josefa González-Santos,
  • María Azucena Sedano García,
  • Inmaculada De Juana Velasco,
  • Jesús Sánchez Hernández,
  • Héctor García Pardo,
  • Jessica Fernández-Solana

摘要

Introduction

The study aimed to evaluate the effects of a cardiac rehabilitation program based on physical exercise and the promotion of healthy habits on anxiety, depression, and health-related quality of life in patients with cardiovascular conditions. Additionally, it sought to analyze the influence of baseline anxiety and depression levels on post-treatment health-related quality of life outcomes.

Methods

A longitudinal study was conducted with 189 patients who completed a structured cardiac rehabilitation program. Anxiety and depression were assessed using the Goldberg Anxiety and Depression Scale, while health-related quality of life was measured with the RAND-36 survey. Data were collected pre- and post-intervention. Statistical analyses included paired t tests for pre/post-comparisons and ANCOVA to evaluate the impact of initial anxiety and depression on health-related quality of life improvements.

Results

The cardiac rehabilitation program significantly reduced anxiety (mean difference =  − 0.93, CI: − 1.42 to − 0.44, p < 0.001; Cohen’s d = 0.35) and depression (mean difference =  − 0.62, CI: − 0.99 to − 0.25, p < 0.001; Cohen’s d = 0.32), with improvements observed across several health-related quality of life dimensions, including emotional well-being (p = 0.005) and energy/fatigue (p < 0.001). Baseline anxiety and depression levels influenced changes in specific health-related quality of life dimensions, such as social functioning and role limitations due to physical health (p < 0.05). Causal interpretations are limited by the observational design and absence of a control group.

Discussion

The results show an association between participation in cardiac rehabilitation programs and a reduction in anxiety and depression, as well as improved health-related quality of life in patients with cardiovascular disease. Baseline psychological status plays a key role in determining the magnitude of health-related quality of life improvements, highlighting the need for tailored interventions.