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<p>Breast cancer is one of the most common malignancies among women globally. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), as the final non-invasive diagnostic tool before biopsy, provides detailed free-text reports that support clinical decision-making. Therefore, the effective utilization of the information in MRI reports to make reliable decisions is crucial for patient care. This study proposes a novel method for BI-RADS classification using breast MRI reports. Large language models are employed to transform free-text reports into structured reports. Specifically, missing category information (MCI) that is absent in the free-text reports is supplemented by assigning default values to the missing categories in the structured reports. To ensure data privacy, a locally deployed Qwen-Chat model is employed. Furthermore, to enhance the domain-specific adaptability, a knowledge-driven prompt is designed. The Qwen-7B-Chat model is fine-tuned specifically for structuring breast MRI reports. To prevent information loss and enable comprehensive learning of all report details, a fusion strategy is introduced, combining free-text and structured reports to train the classification model. Experimental results show that the proposed BI-RADS classification method outperforms existing report classification methods across multiple evaluation metrics. Furthermore, an external test set from a different hospital is used to validate the robustness of the proposed approach. The proposed structured method surpasses GPT-4o in terms of performance. Ablation experiments confirm that the knowledge-driven prompt, MCI, and the fusion strategy are crucial to the model’s performance.</p>

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Bootstrapping BI-RADS classification using large language models and transformers in breast magnetic resonance imaging reports

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年4月3日

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  • Yuxin Liu,
  • Xiang Zhang,
  • Weiwei Cao,
  • Wenju Cui,
  • Tao Tan,
  • Yuqin Peng,
  • Jiayi Huang,
  • Zhen Lei,
  • Jun Shen,
  • Jian Zheng

摘要

Breast cancer is one of the most common malignancies among women globally. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), as the final non-invasive diagnostic tool before biopsy, provides detailed free-text reports that support clinical decision-making. Therefore, the effective utilization of the information in MRI reports to make reliable decisions is crucial for patient care. This study proposes a novel method for BI-RADS classification using breast MRI reports. Large language models are employed to transform free-text reports into structured reports. Specifically, missing category information (MCI) that is absent in the free-text reports is supplemented by assigning default values to the missing categories in the structured reports. To ensure data privacy, a locally deployed Qwen-Chat model is employed. Furthermore, to enhance the domain-specific adaptability, a knowledge-driven prompt is designed. The Qwen-7B-Chat model is fine-tuned specifically for structuring breast MRI reports. To prevent information loss and enable comprehensive learning of all report details, a fusion strategy is introduced, combining free-text and structured reports to train the classification model. Experimental results show that the proposed BI-RADS classification method outperforms existing report classification methods across multiple evaluation metrics. Furthermore, an external test set from a different hospital is used to validate the robustness of the proposed approach. The proposed structured method surpasses GPT-4o in terms of performance. Ablation experiments confirm that the knowledge-driven prompt, MCI, and the fusion strategy are crucial to the model’s performance.