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<p>Wheat leaf rust, caused by the biotrophic fungus <i>Puccinia triticina</i> (<i>Pt</i>), is a major threat to global wheat production. Fungal pathogens often deploy plant cell wall-degrading enzymes to breach host barriers, with glycoside hydrolases (GHs) providing hydrolytic activity and carbohydrate-binding modules (CBMs) enabling substrate recognition. However, research on their specific roles in the leaf rust fungus remains limited. Here, we functionally characterized two <i>Pt</i> genes, <i>PtGH1</i> and <i>PtCBM1</i>. PtCBM1, a carbohydrate-binding module protein, binds cellulose and potentiates cellulase activity despite lacking hydrolase activity, whereas <i>PtGH1</i> encodes a β-glucanase secreted via a non-classical pathway. Both proteins suppress Bax-induced cell death in <i>Nicotiana benthamiana</i>, suggesting immune-suppressive activity. Silencing either of the two genes in wheat via host-induced gene silencing significantly reduced fungal virulence, impaired hyphal growth, and enhanced host defense. Together, these findings identify <i>PtGH1</i>and <i>PtCBM1</i> as distinct virulence factors that act through complementary mechanisms, involving physical facilitation and enzymatic degradation of host cell walls. This dual strategy illustrates how the leaf rust fungus overcomes host immunity and provides potential molecular targets for developing durable wheat resistance.</p>

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The pivotal role of PtGH1 and PtCBM1 in facilitating host colonization during wheat leaf rust pathogenesis

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月7日

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  • Yanan Lu,
  • Keyan Wu,
  • Jinyang Li,
  • Zhiwen Zheng,
  • Chuang Li,
  • Pengyu Song,
  • Wenming Zheng,
  • Zhensheng Kang,
  • Na Liu,
  • Yanhui Zhang

摘要

Wheat leaf rust, caused by the biotrophic fungus Puccinia triticina (Pt), is a major threat to global wheat production. Fungal pathogens often deploy plant cell wall-degrading enzymes to breach host barriers, with glycoside hydrolases (GHs) providing hydrolytic activity and carbohydrate-binding modules (CBMs) enabling substrate recognition. However, research on their specific roles in the leaf rust fungus remains limited. Here, we functionally characterized two Pt genes, PtGH1 and PtCBM1. PtCBM1, a carbohydrate-binding module protein, binds cellulose and potentiates cellulase activity despite lacking hydrolase activity, whereas PtGH1 encodes a β-glucanase secreted via a non-classical pathway. Both proteins suppress Bax-induced cell death in Nicotiana benthamiana, suggesting immune-suppressive activity. Silencing either of the two genes in wheat via host-induced gene silencing significantly reduced fungal virulence, impaired hyphal growth, and enhanced host defense. Together, these findings identify PtGH1and PtCBM1 as distinct virulence factors that act through complementary mechanisms, involving physical facilitation and enzymatic degradation of host cell walls. This dual strategy illustrates how the leaf rust fungus overcomes host immunity and provides potential molecular targets for developing durable wheat resistance.